Neoclassicism

The development of Neoclassicism was affected by a much broader movement that helped shape European culture during the course of the 18th century. Give the name of this movement.

the Enlightenment

In France, many of the historical paintings from the 1780s related to a certain phase of Roman history, leading to the conclusion that these paintings were meant as political propaganda. Give the name of this political phase.

republican

In 1738 excavations began at this site in Italy, with finds being put on show at a nearby museum.

Herculaneum

This sculpture, named after France’s national anthem and rallying cry of the Revolution, adorns Napoleon’s Arc de Triomphe in Paris, depicting volunteers departing for the French Revolutionary Wars in 1792. Give the title of this sculpture.

the Marseillaise

This painting is considered a landmark in Neoclassical art, being one of the first to take direct inspiration from recent archaeological discoveries, specifically based on a wall painting near Herculaneum, which the only available source of was a sketch published by the Accademi Ercolanese. Give the name of this 1763 painting by Joseph-Marie Vien.

The Cupid Seller

This French pioneer of the Neoclassical style in painting was an influential teacher whose pupils included Jacques-Louis David, and he became Director of the French Academy in Rome in 1775 and first painter to the king in 1789. Give the last name of this artist.

Joseph-Marie Vien

Give the name of the scholarship that the French had been rewarding their most promising young artists with since 1666.

Prix de Rome

Give the surname of the two men who won the Silver Palette of the Society of Arts for devising the process of creating watercolor cakes, which were a convenient means for storing and using paints.

William and Thomas Reeves

This Italian artist found success with his influential series of Vedute (“Views”) of Rome,  in which he used an exaggerated sense of scale to make the ruins appear even grander than they actually were. Give the last name of this artist.

Giovanni Battista Piranesi

This etching makes the titular Roman landmark appear gigantic with its tiny figures and dramatic perspective. Give the name of this 1761 print by Giovanni Battista Piranesi.

View of the Colosseum

Give the name of this location, which was renovated by Robert Adam and contains a copy of the Dying Gaul, one of the most celebrated statues of antiquity.

the Syon House

This statue contains a copy in the Syon House, which was renovated by Robert Adam. Give the name of this statue, one of the most celebrated in antiquity.

the Dying Gaul

This man was the great theorist of the Neoclassicism movement, aiming to analyze and revive classical forms, with his friend Mengs translating his ideas into a number of hugely influential paintings. Give the last name of this man.

Johann Joachim Winckelmann

The first part of the 28 volume Encyclopédie, edited by this philosopher, was published in 1751 and played a significant role in shaping the French Revolution due to its radical content. Give the full name of this artist.

Denis Diderot

This work played a significant role in shaping the French Revolution due to its radical content. Give the name of this 28 volume work, which was edited by Denis Diderot.

Encyclopédie

In 1757, this writer, traveler, and politician published his book on the Roman ruins at Balbec, with illustrations that proved highly influential for designers like Robert Adam. Give the full name of this man.

Robert Wood

This book was published by writer, traveler, and politician at the namesake Roman ruins in 1757. Give the title of this work by Robert Wood, which proved highly influential for designers like Robert Adam.

The Ruins of Balbec

This pastiche of Herculaneum frescoes was created as a private joke to fool the artist’s friend, Johann Joachim Winckelmann, who did indeed believe it to be an authentic Roman work. Give the title of this 1758 and 1759 fresco painted by Anton Raphael Mengs, who deliberately chose its theme to appeal to Winckelmann’s homosexual interests.

Jupiter Kissing Ganymede

In 1761, this artist traveled to Madrid to become court painter to Charles III, a position he held until returning to Rome in 1769. Give the last name of this artist.

Anton Raphael Mengs

This influential Scottish painter, picture dealer, and architect is best remembered for his heroic canvases based on Homer’s Iliad. Give the name of this close contact of Mengs and Winckelmann.

Gavin Hamilton

This painting of a scene from early Roman history depicts the virtuous titular character taking her own life after being raped, while her friends on the right vow to avenge her. Give the title of this painting by Gavin Hamilton, also known as The Oath of Brutus, which may have influenced the “oath” theme in Jacques-Louis David’s paintings.

The Death of Lucretia

This study was commissioned to mark the engagement of one of the titular characters, Elizabeth, with her fiance instructing the artist to paint the three titular characters together and “representing some emblematical or historical subject. Give the title of this 1773 portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds of three girls adorning a statue of Hymen, the Roman god of marriage.

The Montgomery Sisters

This fresco was designed to create the illusion of an ancient Roman ruin exposed to the elements, with the depicted desk being a damaged sarcophagus, while the table and chairs were formed from broken architectural fragments. Give the name of this work by Charles-Louis Clérisseau.

Chamber of Roman Ruins

In 1772, this man carried out his most ambitious project: the decoration of Penicuik House with scenes from Ossian and Scottish history. Give the full name of this Scottish painter.

Alexander Runciman

In a painting depicting this woman, she returns to confront the man who ordered her husband’s death and is greeted by crowds of sympathizers, being drawn from an account by the Roman historian Tacitus. Give the name of this ancient woman, the subject of a certain painting by Benjamin West.

Agrippina

The theme of regicide in this painting may seem politically charged in a work painted just before the French Revolution, but ironically it was a royal commission. Give the name of this highly Italianate styled painting by Jean-Baptiste Regnault.

The Death of Priam

Give the name for the period where young British aristocrats and gentlemen would complete their education by visiting cities of Europe, which coincided with the Neoclassical movement.

The Grand Tour

This man won the Prix de Rome in 1776, gaining a series of prestigious royal commissions following his return to Paris. He also ran a flourishing studio, with studio Guérin being one of his pupils, and steered a successful course through the revolutionary period, receiving commissions from both the Republic and Napoleon. Give the name of this artist of polished mythological scenes who lacked the dramatic flair and originality of David.

Jean-Baptiste Regnault

This artist combined the decorative charm of the Rococo style with the lyrical trappings of classical art. In her allegorical self-portrait she emphasizes her achievement as an independent female artist, fired with inspiration from the Muse of Poetry. Give the full name of this painter of The Artist in the Character of Design.

Angelica Kauffman

One portrait of this man underlines his fascination with the classical world, with the carved relief beside him relating to a tragedy by Euripides that this man had reworked several times, most recently in verse. Give the name of this celebrated German writer, subject of a portrait of him “in the Roman Campagna” by Wilhelm Tischbein.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Early in this man’s career he worked for the potter Josiah Wedgewood, eventually proving influential through his book illustrations that emphasized the purity and simplicity of classical art. Give the full name of this man, whose inspiration came from Greek vase painting.

John Flaxman

Give the name of this illustrated history of horse racing since 1750, involving the artist George Stubbs in 1790, who produced several portraits of racehorses for this project.

the Turf Review

The inclusion of this feature in the background of a certain portrait confirms that it was painted in Naples, where Emma Hamilton, famous as Lord Nelson’s mistress, lived for several years after her marriage in 1791. Give the name of this feature in the background of Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun’s Lady Hamilton as a Bacchante.

Mount Vesuvius

Before the French Revolution, this artist enjoyed an outstanding career as a society portraitist. She was a favorite of Queen Marie-Antoinette, painting her on multiple occasions. Give the name of this artist, who fled France due to her royal associations and worked successfully in Italy, Russia, and England.

Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun

After winning a scholarship from the Copenhagen Academy to study in Italy, this sculptor arrived in Rome on March 8, 1797. Give the last name of this sculptor, who subsequently described this date as his “Roman birthday”.

Bertel Thorvaldsen

This artist was one of David’s most gifted, but erratic, pupils. Some of the aspects of his work led to his association with Romanticism, notably his taste for highly imaginative subjects and his practice of painting at night, which produced some very unusual light effects. Give the name of this artist, whose work bemused David but enthused Napoleon, who offered him a number of commissions.

Anne-Louis Girodet

This artist was one of David’s favorite pupils, developing a softer, more graceful version of his master’s style. The original commission for a portrait of Madame Récamier had gone to David, however she disliked the results and passed the job to this artist. Give the last name of this painter of Portrait of Madame Récamier.

François Gérard

This man’s collection of epic verse earned him a commission from Napoleon to commemorate the book, although the poems were later discovered to be fraudulent. Give the name of this Celtic bard who was regarded as the northern equivalent of Homer.

Ossian

After Napoleon’s defeat and the restoration of the monarchy, this man went into exile in Brussels, steering clear of political controversy in later paintings. Give the name of this artist, who used an ancient tale for a moral allegory, contrasting the idealized beauty of Psyche with the coarse naturalism of Cupid in his Cupid and Psyche.

Jacques-Louis David

Give the name for the brand of Neoclassicism that prevailed in the Napoleonic era, which was also prevalent in applied arts, such as furniture and objects, as much as painting.

the Empire Style

Early in his career, this artist opted for an austere version of the Neoclassical style, which he based on his superb draftsmanship, commenting that “a thing well drawn is always adequately painted.” Give the last name of this painter of Augustus Listening to the Reading of the Aeneid.

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

This painting is the most famous of Neoclassical paintings, bringing its artist international renown and importance in France especially. It depicts an incident from the early history of Rome when a dispute between itself and its neighbor, Alba, is settled by a fight to the death between three brothers from each city. Give the name of this 1784 painting by Jacques-Louis David.

The Oath of the Horatii