Corprit ID+ INFORMATION GRAPHICS+DIGITAL REVOLUTION

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What is a corporate identity?

The overall image of a corporation, firm, or business in the minds of diverse publics, such as customers, investors, and employees.

What is Paul Rand’s Eye-Bee-M poster?

A rebus created in 1981 to support IBM’s motto "THINK," using pictures to represent letters

What principle did early Egyptian scribes use to write words difficult to express visually?

The rebus principle, using pictures for sounds.

Give an example of how hieroglyphs could represent words using the rebus principle.

Hieroglyphs for bee, leaf, sea, and sun could represent "belief" and "season" in English.

Who was Giovanni Pintori

A designer who worked for the Olivetti Corporation and created their visual identity through his graphic images.

What was unique about Giovanni Pintori's designs for Olivetti?

They used simplified graphic shapes and abstract configurations to suggest product functions, without a systematic design program.

What movement influenced American design in the 1950s and 1960s?

The International Typographic Style from Switzerland and Germany.

How did Rudolph de Harak contribute to American design?

By adapting Swiss design principles like grid structures and asymmetrical balance in his work.

According to Norman Ives, what qualities should a logo have?

It should be memorable, legible, and versatile, conveying the activity it represents clearly and effectively.

What was the goal of the U.S. Department of Transportation's 1974 signage project?

To create a master set of thirty-four symbols for transportation facilities that bridge language barriers and simplify messages.

Who designed the 1974 signage symbol system for the U.S. Department of Transportation?

Roger Cook and Don Shanosky of Cook and Shanosky Associates

What is an example of a comprehensive corporate identity system from the 1960s?

The 1962 Lufthansa German Airlines identification system, which addressed all visual-communication and product-design needs

What is the foundation for information graphics?

Analytic geometry, developed by Rene Descartes in 1637.

Who was William Playfair?

A Scottish author and scientist who introduced line graphs and bar charts to graphically present statistical data in 1786.

What did Playfair introduce in his 1805 book?

The first "divided circle" diagram, which is now known as a Pie Chart.

What did Ladislav Sutnar contribute to informational design?

He developed a system for structuring information logically and consistently, defining function, flow, and form.

What was Ladislav Sutnar's approach to informational design?

He emphasized a utilitarian need for easy information retrieval, logical flow, and dynamic visual arrangements.

What was Herbert Bayer's contribution to functional graphics?

He created the World Geo-Graphic Atlas, emphasizing scale and visual articulation of information.

Who is Anton Stankowski and what did he contribute to graphic design?

He was a graphic designer known for exploring visual patterns and forms to communicate invisible processes and physical forces.

What is the Isotype group known for in visual communications?

They developed conventions for using pictorial language, including pictorial syntax and simplified pictographs.

What is pictorial syntax?

It's a system of connecting images to create an ordered structure and meaning in visual communication.

What impact did the Isotype group's work have on graphic design post-WW2?

They contributed to the development of universal visual-language systems and the widespread use of pictographs in signage and information systems.

What were the three companies that contributed to the digital revolution in graphic design during the 1980s?

Apple computers with Macintosh, Adobe systems with PostScript programming language, and Aldus with PageMaker software.

What is PostScript?

PostScript is a special purpose programming language designed for describing visual output, including printing, page layout, font design, desktop GUI, and individual images

What was the significance of Apple's Macintosh computer in 1984?

It marked a graphic revolution by introducing affordable desktop computers with graphical user interfaces and tools like the mouse

What is desktop publishing?

Desktop publishing refers to the creation of documents using page layout software, saving time and money in preparing pages for printing

What are multiple-master typefaces?

Multiple-master typefaces are fonts created by combining two or more master designs to generate a sequence of fonts with variations in weight, width, style, and optical size.

What is interactive media?

Interactive media combine audio, visual, and cinematic communications in non-linear structures, allowing viewers to pursue information along personally chosen paths.

Who developed the World Wide Web and its main building blocks?

• Physicist Tim Berners-Lee developed the web and its main building blocks:

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),

• Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML), and

• Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

What was the role of geometric zoning in website design?

Geometric zoning was used to create areas for titles, subtitles, and information sidebars on web pages, aiding navigation and organization.

What is the HotBot logo known for?

The HotBot logo was designed for the first commercial search engine with customized search features, incorporating concentric circles as navigation links