Transport System and Blood Constituents (BOOK)

In this organism, oxygen and nutrients can diffuse through the cell surface membrane and easily reach all parts of the cell.

Simple unicellular organism

Similarly, waste products can be rapidly removed from the cell by?

Simple Diffusion

In this organism, simple diffusion alone cannot bring enough oxygen and food materials to these cells. There must be a transport system to carry substances from one part of the body to another

Complex multicellular organisms

Mammal’s transport system consists of?

Blood vessels that run throughout the body

Blood, which flows through the vessels

A heart

The main transport system in humans is the what, and the fluid that is contained in this system is the blood

Blood system

Makes up 55% of the blood’s volume

Plasma

Makes up 45% of the blood

Blood cells (corpuscles)

platelets

Main constituents of blood

Plasma

Red blood cells

White blood cells

Platelets

Is a pale yellow wish liquid

Plasma

Plasma is how much percentage of water?

90%

Plasma is composed of soluble proteins, such as?

Fibrinogen, prothrombin, and antibodies

They play an important part in the clotting of blood, these proteins are made in the liver

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

Helps to fight diseases

Antibodies

Apart from proteins, plasma also consists of?

Dissolved mineral salts

Food substances

Excretory products

Hormones

How many erthrocytes are there in each cubic millimetre of blood?

Five million red blood cells

Features of red blood cells?

Haemoglobin, a special kind of iron-containing protein

Circular, flattened biconcave disc

No nucleus

Elastic, bells-haped

Where are red blood cells produced?

Bone marrow

How long is the lifespan of red blood cells?

3-4 Months

Where are red blood cells and haemoglobin destroyed when worn out?

Liver

They are larger than red blood cells, but fewer in number

White blood cells or leucocytes

Ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells?

700:1

In each cubic millimetre of blood, there are how many white blood cells?

5000-10000

Features of White blood cells

Colorless

No haemoglobin

Irregular in shape

Nucleus

Can move

Two main kinds of white blood cells?

Lymphocytes and phagocytes

They play a vital role in keeping the body healthy by fighting diseases

White blood cells

Has a large, rounded nucleus and a relatively small amount of non-granular cytoplasm. It produces antibodies that may protect the body from diseases-causing microorganisms

Lymphocytes

They mean ‘to eat’, because they can take in and digest foreign particles such as bacteria. It has a lobed nucleus and granular cytoplasm

Phagocytes

They are not true cells. They are membrane-bound fragments of cytoplasm from certain bone marrow cells. They play in the clotting of blood.

Blood platelets or thrombocytes