Adolescence

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33 Terms

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Puberty

The period during which adolescents experience physical changes, including hormonal changes and sexual maturation.

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Adrenarche

Phase 1 of puberty involving the release of adrenal androgens and begins around ages 6-8.

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Gonadarche

Phase 2 of puberty involving sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

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Menarche

The first menstrual period, typically occurring around ages 12-13.

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Spermarche

The first ejaculation, typically occurring around ages 13-14.

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Primary sex characteristics

Physical characteristics that relate directly to reproductive capabilities.

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Secondary sex characteristics

Physical features that do not directly relate to reproductive capabilities.

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Growth spurt

A rapid increase in height and weight that typically occurs in girls around ages 8-13 and boys around ages 10-16.

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Psychosocial development

The process where adolescents develop their identity, self-concept, and self-esteem.

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Erikson's stage

Identity vs. Role Confusion; a critical period for adolescents to determine who they are and who they want to be.

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Cognitive development

Major improvements in thinking abilities during adolescence, including memory, attention, and processing speed.

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Metacognition

The awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes, often termed 'thinking about thinking'.

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Kohlberg's theory

Postconventional morality; moral reasoning based on self-chosen ethics and principles.

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Imaginary audience

The belief that others are constantly watching and judging one's behavior, part of adolescent egocentrism.

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Personal fable

The belief in one's unique qualities and experiences, contributing to a sense of invulnerability.

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Anxiety

Common mental health issue during adolescence, often manifested in specific phobias.

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Eating disorders

Health concerns that include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A treatment method for eating disorders that focuses on changing negative thought patterns.

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Social changes in adolescence

Shift in influence from parents to peers, affecting social relationships and autonomy.

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Peer pressure

Influence from peers that can be either positive or negative during adolescence.

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Life-course persistent behavior

Antisocial behavior that starts early and typically continues long-term.

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Adolescent-limited behavior

Antisocial behavior that occurs only during adolescence and is often short-lived.

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Suicidal ideation

Distressing thoughts about wanting to end one's life, often associated with depression and anxiety.

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Sexual identity

Self-perception based on gender identity and sexual orientation, which may vary significantly during adolescence.

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Cisgender

A person whose gender identity aligns with the sex assigned at birth.

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Transgender

A person whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth.

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Gender expression

The external appearance and behaviors that express one's gender identity, influenced by social expectations.

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Relativistic thinking

A cognitive approach that questions absolute truths and considers perspectives based on context.

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Health consequences of eating disorders

Include serious physical conditions like Type II diabetes, heart disease, and the highest fatality rate among mental disorders.

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Growth patterns by sex

Girls often experience earlier growth spurts than boys, affecting body image and self-esteem.

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Secondary processes in adolescent cognition

Engaging with complex thought processes, including reasoning, planning, and problem-solving.

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Binge eating disorder

A disorder characterized by episodes of excessive overeating often associated with emotional distress.

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Sleep and adolescence

Teenagers require 9-10 hours of sleep; insufficient sleep can lead to increased impulsivity and negative emotions.