The cerebrum

Lobes, fissures, and functions

Label the cerebrum

Label the cerebrum

Cerebrum

Responsible for brain cognitive function such as language, sensory info, conscious planning, movement, conscious interpreatation

What are the raised or shallow structures in the brain

Gyri- elevated ridges

Sulci- Shallow grooves

Increases brain surface area and makes it a more compact structure. It also increases the speed at which cerebral neuron communicate

What are the five lobes?

• Frontal Lobe: cognitive functions like thinking, planning, and decision-making

• Parietal Lobe: processes sensory information and is involved in language, spatial navigation, and mathematical reasoning

• Temporal Lobe: responsible for processing auditory information, memory, and language

• Occipital Lobe: processing visual information

What are the two fissures and where do they separate

• Longitudinal Fissure: Separated the two cerebral hemispheres

• Transverse Fissure: Separates from the cerebellum

What are the sulcus?

• Central Sulcus: separates central and parietal lobe

• Lateral Sulcus: separates the frontal and temporal lobe

• Parieto-occipital: Separates partieal and occiptal lobe

What are the gyrus?

• Precentral gyrus: Houses primary motor cortex

• Postcentral gyrus: soma sensory cortex

Pons

Controls rhythm of breathing and sleep cycle

Medulla oblongata

Controls blood pressure, heart rate, reflexes such as vomiting.

Cerebellum

Coordinate voluntary movements, ensuring they are smooth and balanced, and it also plays a crucial role in motor learning.

Diencephalon contains

• Thalamus

• Subthalamus

• Hypothalamus

Thalamus

largest part; receives

input from most sensory neurons

in the body

Subthalamus

motor functions

Hypothalamus

major endocrine

tissue; homeostatically regulates

many important physiological

processes 37

Cerebral cortex:

 Where complex information

processing occurs

 Anatomically divided into 6 layers

 Differences in function between

hemispheres (hemispheric

lateralization

Precentral gyrus

primary motor

cortex (M1)

Postcentral gyrus

somatosensory cortex (S1)

Hippocampus

is associated with memory

Homunculus:

a graphical representation of the amount of the S1 that receives

afferent sensory information from different parts of the body. 39