soc 250

hyoidermic model

1930’s view that media directly affects us as a passive audience

agency

the audience is able to negotiate meaning

circular model

we place attention toward the diverse mechanisms of media production → media consumption

1. components of sexualization in media

Persons value comes from sex appeal

2. components of sexualization in media

2. person is held to narrow ideal of beauty via sexiness

3. components of sexualization in media

person is sexually objectified

4. components of sexualization in media

sexuality is inappropriate imposed on a person

symbolic annihilation

ignoring, distorting, or confining to restrictive gender roles in the sexuality of women

17%

How much men sexualization in magazines increased

83%

How much women sexualization in magazines increased

sexual objectification

an individuals writing is based on their body appearance and sexual function

structured absence

the dominant group controls who or what is not seen in the media

controlling images

enduring racist stereotypes as basis for media symbols and characters (Disney)

racial fetishism

erotic worth based on racial identity

hays code

censored homosexuality until the 50’s

visibility trap

increased visibility but within sensationalized roles and spurring conservative backlash

sexting panics

reflect dangers around youth sexuality and sexual violence

Waling and Pym

the cultural phenomenon of dick pics: essentilizing countering and shaming

instituationalized inequality

inequality between groups systemically patterned and legitimized by cultural ideologies

status inequalities

group differences in ranking on a communities social hierarchy and reflect lifestyles

social stratification

intricately ties power and inequality to our gender, sex, and sexuality

sex/gender system

Rubin 1975,2005; Describes how gender is organized in a hierarchy

Bostock v. Clayton County

protects employees against discrimination on the bases of sex, sexuality or gender

Almeling 2009

commodification of eggs and sperm

sodomy laws

oral/anal sex between men was illegal until 2003

“Don’t ask don’t tell”

having to pass as straight in the military

quid pro quo

misuse of power to pressure a subordinate into thinking their career depends on sexual favors

military hostility

unsafe environment due to sexually explicit behaviors/languages

microagressions

daily verbal, behavioral, or environmental indignities hat communicate hostility

federal Fair Housing act

does not protect LGBTQ+

Transgender discrimination

bathrooms and family rights

Westbrook 2022

Trans people are more likely to face violence than perpetrate it

sexual dysfunction in men

erectile dysfunction/performance anxiety, physical factors

sexual dysfunction in women

lack of desire, anxiety ab sex, lubrication difficulties

intimate justice

sexual satisfaction is linked to feelings of entitlement and deservingness

Andrejek et. al 2022

orgasm gap

sexual aversion disorder

feeling disgust, discomfort, or panic at sexual contact

sexual ableism

denial of sexual agency based on ability/intellect and idea that people w/ disabilities should not reproduce

erotic segregation

cultural taboo against disabled/nondisabled intimate relations

heterosexual script

penile-vaginal intercourse is “real” sex

sex assistant

an expert who assists someone w/ disability

sex surrogate

an expert who assists someone w/ dysfunction

physically disabled

asexual and burdensome

intellectually disabled

excessively sexual and inappropriate

syphillis

mostly among men; results in sores and rashes

genitial herpes

1 in 6 people between 14-49, sores and flu-like symptoms

gonorrhea

2nd most common; discharge and burning sensation while peeing

chlamydia

few symptoms; can affect pregnancy negatively

HPV

most common with over 100 strains; almost all sexually active people get some form (from warts to cervical cancer)

spoiled sexual self

sense of unattractiveness due to stigmas about hygiene and immorality

HIV/AIDS

incurable disease that breaks down immune system, transmission must be direct; anal sex and IV drug use is riskiest.

Identity-behavior discordance

unmatching sexual identities, behaviors, and attractions

inter-gender

straight women are more likely to engage in same-sex behavior than men

intra-gender

men who have sex w/ men can view it as a release from gender expectations

silvia 2022

rural straight-identified men who have sex w/ other men

differentiated attractions

sexual identity pathways cart based on self labeling

sexual assault

any sexual action that was committed against someone w/o their consent

affirmative consent

clear knowing and voluntary agreement to sexual behavior

double victimization of rape

immediate suffering from rape and then the negative experiences w the justice system

carceral sexuality

the unique context of sex in prisions

prison rape

exercise of dominance/punishment

situational homosexuality

same sex engagement when theres no access to other gender