AAH practice test

The T Wave represents

ventricular re-polarization

If the heart is in a state of asystole

There is no contraction

What are the bipolar leads

I, II, and III

The most common type of supraventricular Tachycardia is

AV nodal Reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)

In 2:1 AV block, the PR interval

Lengthens

In sinus arrhythmia, a gradual decreasing of the heart rate is usually associated with:

Expiration

When the cardiac muscle cell is stimulated, the cell is said to:

Depolarize

Leads, II,III AVF view which portion of the heart

Inferior

A regular rhythm with a rate of 100-250 beats per minute would most likely be

Atrial Tachycardia

Artifact can be cause by

Alternating currents, Patient movements, poorly applied or dirty sensors

When you have more than one premature beat that are of a different kind they are called

Multifocal

What is the rate range for junctional tachycardia?

100-180

Another name for the S-A node is

Pacemaker

Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome is associated with

Short P-R interval, delta wave, wide QRS complex

How are frequent PAC's usually managed?

Correcting the underlying cause

The term for three or more PVC's occurring in a row at a rate of more than 100 beats per min is?

A run of ventricular Tachycardia

How do you determine whether the atrial rhythm on an ECG tracing is regular or Irregular ?

Compare to P to P Intervals

Tall, Peaked T waves observed on the ECG are most commonly seen in patients with.

Hyperkalemia

Leads V3 and V4 view which portion of the heart?

Anterior

A normal rhythm with a normal rate is a

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Defibrillation is a

Shock to the heart to stop the heart and shock to the heart to change rhythms

Which of the following small waves sometimes appears between the T wave and P wave?

U wave

What structure maintains the control of the control of blood flowing through the heart?

Valves

Sinus rhythm at a rate of 48 would be considered

Bradycardia

The function of the AV node is to

Delay the electrical signal to the Purkinje Fibers

The inherent rate for the AV Junction is

40-60 bpm

The term for three or more PVC's occurring in a row at a rate of more than 100 beats

A run of ventricular tachycardia

The usual rate of nonparoxymal junction tachycardia is

101-140 bpm

When the cardiac muscle cell is simulated , the cell is said to

Depolarize

Leads V1 and V2 view which portion of the heart?

Septal

In atrial Tachycardia, the atrial rate can be as low as

100-150

A QRS measurement of less than ________ seconds indicates a supraventricular

0.12

A straight line on the ECG strip produced by the stylus when the EKG isn't connected to a patient is called

Isoelectric line

The atrial rate in atrial fibrillation is

More than 350 bpm

Normally a complete ECG consists of __________ leads

12

The anterior surface of the heart consists primarily of the :

Right ventricle

The ________ supplies the right atrium and ventricle with blood

Right coronary Artery

The inherent rate of the AV Junction is

40-60 bpm

The segment representing the time fro the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex is the

P-R segment

Impulses from the AV node go through the ____________ tot the right an left branches

Bundle of His

The single most important thing you can do to prevent the spread of infection is

Wash your hands

When the atria and ventricles are seen to be beating independently is called

Third- degree heart block

Wenckebach is characterized by increasingly PRI's followed _________a P wave

Blocked

A rhythm with regular P-P and R-R intervals, a normal P wave before each QRS complex, and a rate below 60 beats premature would most likely be

Sinus Bradycardia

When you have more than one premature beat that appears identical, they are called

Unifocal

The atrial rate in atrial fibrillation is

More than 350 bpm

The QRS measurement for a PAC should be

Less than 0.12 seconds

When a site speeds up/takes over as the pacemaker it is referred to as?

Ectopic pacemaker

A sinus rhythm at a rate of 48 would considered

Bradycardia

U wave are thought to represent

Repolarization of the Purkinje Fibers

Which of the following are chest leads

V1, V2,V3, V4, V5, V6

Sodium

NA+ 136-142 Essential in electrical activin electrical activity of neurons and muscle cells

Calcium

4.Ca++ 4.6-5.5 excitability of neurons and muscles cells cation

Potassium

K 3.5-5.0 The essential activity of neurons in a muscle cell

Myocardium infraction or MI

Heart attack; signs include chest discomfort, shortness of breath, nausea

CHF (congestive heart failure)

condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to the rest of the body

Bradycardia

slow heartbeat

Arrythmia

Abnormal heart rhythm

Atrial flutter

irregular beating of the atria; often described as "a-flutter with 2 to 1 block or 3 to 1 block"

coronary circulation

circulation of blood through the coronary blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue

2nd degree block/Wenchebach

A disease process when there is a progressive prolongation of the PRI culminating in a non-conducted p Wave missing a QRS Complex. The PRI longest immediately before the dropped QRS

Premature Junctional Contraction (PJC)

- R-R irregular
- P wave may be inverted or absent
- Normal QRS

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

irregular heart rhythm characterized by atrial contractions occurring before the expected time

Dual Paced Rhythm

Spike before the P wave and a spike before the QRS

Ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.

atrium (atria)

The upper chamber of half the heart

Who invented the EKG?

Willem Einthoven 1895

Ventricle Pacemaker

Spike before the QRS

Atrial Pace

Spike before the P Wave

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

plaque

A deposit of fatty material on the inner lining of an arterial wall

Arterioles

small vessels that receive blood from the arteries

epicardium

outer layer of the heart

Q-T interval

beginning of ventricular depolarization through ventricular repolarization

syncope

"Passing out", loss of consciousness or fainting

Sclerosis

abnormal hardening

mitral valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

ST segment

the time during which ventricles are contracting and emptying

Venules

small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins

Capillaries

any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules.

aneurysm

an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.

AIVR

Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm

Pulmonary Circulation

flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart

Pericardium

Double-layered membrane surrounding the heart.

Atrial Tachycardia

150 bpm

systemic circulation

flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to body tissues

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

3rd degree AV block

P wave independent of QRS

Ventricular Flutter

250-350
- smooth sine-waves w/ similar amp
- can lead to deadly arryth
goes right into vfib

VT

ventricular tachycardia

tricuspid valve

A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps.

Ateries

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

P-R interval

beginning of atrial excitation to beginning of ventricular excitation

R-R interval

Peak of R wave to peak of next R wave

Tachycardia

fast heart rate

Normal Sinus Rhythm

heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

PR segment

AV nodal delay

Myocardium

muscular, middle layer of the heart

endocardium

Inner layer of the heart