Public Speaking Midtern

Who made the Canons of Rhetoric?

Cicero

What are the Canons of Rhetoric?

-Invention

-Arrangment

-Style

-Memory

-Delivery

Who was Aristotle’s teacher and where did he teach?

Plato; The Academy

What was the school Aristotle taught at?

The Lyceum

What book did Aristotle write?

Rhetoric

What are the three artistic proofs of Aristotle?

-Ethos (ethics)

-Pathos (passion)

-Logos (logic)

What are the 5 C’s?

-Character

-Charisma

-Confidence

-Credibility

-Competence

What are the Secondary Dimensions of Credibility?

-Inspire

-Dynamism (energy)

-Sociability

-Composure

What is Burke’s Pentad? (storytelling)

-Act (what)

-Scene (where)

-Agent (who)

-Agency (how)

-Purpose (why)

What is a general purpose statement?

Two-ish words; Describes type/category of speech

What are the three types of general purpose statements?

-Informative (to inform)

-Persuasive (to persuade)

-Commemorative (to honor/to celebrate)

General purpose statement + topic = ?

Specific purpose statement

What is a specific purpose statement?

One detailed sentence including gen purpose, topic, and main ideas; Must make a statement

What are the 5 types of Commemorative speeches?

-Eulogy

-Toast

-Giving an award

-Receiving an award

-Graduation speech

What should you do/dont do in a eulogy?

-Focus on events and accomplishments of the person

-Add humorous stories to lighten mood

-No inside jokes

What should you do/dont do in a toast?

-Connect the person to the audience and occasion

-Add anecdotes

-No roasting

What should you do/dont do during a presenting award speech?

-Keep it short

-If it’s a reveal, don’t name the person

-Discuss nature of award

-Connect recipient to award

What should you do/dont do during a recieving award speech?

-Note the lack of prep time

-Exhibit gratitude and understanding of award

-Dont only thank people

What should you do/dont do during a graduation speech?

-Keep it 5-7 minutes

-Celebrate the entire class

-Discuss future

What are the 4 characteristics of a commemorative speech?

-Language (be colorful and descriptive)

-Emotion

-Context (focus of the speech)

-Less rigid organization

What are the 3 guidelines for a commemorative speech?

-Connect audience to event (via stories & significance)

-Use descriptive language

-Consider your audience (no pushing agendas)

What are the 4 modes of delivery?

-Memorized

-Manuscript (script)

-Extemporaneous (outline)

-Impromptu (no prep)

Pros/Cons of memorized delivery

-Can forget your speech

-Unnatural & awkward

-No adapting to audience feedback

Pros/Cons of manuscript delivery

-Script

-Get to plan

-Requires more practice

-Hard to sound natural

Pros/Cons of extemporaneous delivery

-Outline

-Natural

-Good audience communication

Pros/Cons of impromptu delivery

-No prep time

-Anxiety-inducing

-Don’t have to do research

-More audience connection

Verbal Delivery factors

-Pronunciation

-Articulation

-Volume

-Pitch

-Rythym

-Rate

-Tone

-Vocalized Pauses

Physical Delivery factors

-Apparel

-Posture

-Facial expressions

-Eye contact

-Gestures

Functions of Physical Delivery factors

-Repetition

-Accenting

-Complementing

-Substituting

-Regulating

Tips

-Practice

-Discover your own rythym

-Delivery cues on outline

Practice Types

-Mirror Mirror

-Friends & Family

-Filming

What are the 3 stages of practice?

-Early: Organization

-Middle: Feedback

-Final: Refining

What did Simonidies make?

Villas of the Mind

What are the 3 communication models?

-Linear

-Interactive

-Transactional

Factors of Linear model

-Encoder

-Decoder

-Message

-Noise

What are the 2 types of noise?

-Physical noise (sounds, posters)

-Psychological noise (emotions/feelings)

Factors of the Interactive model

-Encoder

-Decoder

-Message

-Noise

-Feedback

-Channel

-Environment

Factors of Transactional model

-Encoder

-Decoder

-Message

-Noise

-Channel

-Environment

What are similarities between Conversation and Speech?

-Audience centered

-Attention to feedback

-Goal driven

-Logic required

-Stories for effect

What are the differences between Conversation and Speech?

-Language choices

-Organization levels

-Notes

-Delivery Style

What are the 3 public speaking myths?

-Its a talent, not a skill

-Its easy, we do it all the time

-Theres no “right way” to speak

What is communication apprehension?

Fear or anxiety with real or anticipated communication with others (regular communication & speech)

What is the self fulfilling prophecy?

“I’m gonna fail” so you do. Can be positive and negative.

What are the physical effects of communication apprehension?

-Rise in blood pressure

-Shortness of breath

-Skin tightening and sweat

         -Not visible to audience

What are the ways you can combat communication apprehension?

-Practice, practice

-Relaxation techniques (box breathing)

-Visualize success

-Dialogue with audience

What is systematic desensitization?

Being slowly introduced to a fear so you get over it.

What should be considered when choosing a topic?

The audience’s best interest

What are the 4 types of plagarism?

-Global plagarism

-Incremental plagarism

-Patchwork plagarism

-Patchworking

What is global plagarism?

Taking an entire piece and claiming it as your own

What is incremental plagarism?

Taking a piece of another work and not citing it as a source

What is patchwork plagarism?

Taking ideas/words from many sources and not citing them as sources

What is patchworking?

Changing a few words of a work and claiming it

What are the ethics of language and delivery?

-Maintain composure (opposing beliefs are okay)

-Respect (inclusive)

-No profanity

-Balance simplicity and complexity

-Balance emotion and logic

What are the 3 audience ethical responsibilities?

-Keep an open mind

-Don’t heckle

-Pay attention

What are the 4 listening purposes?

-For appreciation

-For comprehension

-For support

-Critical listening (most effort)

What are the 2 ways of listening?

-Active (attention, analyzing)

-Passive (absorbing info)