Exam 1- Antibiotics & Antibiotic Resistance

How do B-lactam antibiotics work?

Binds to transpeptidase(blocks) that cross-links in the cell wall. Causes the cell wall to fall apart, cell death due to osmotic shock.

What do B-lactam antibiotics work against?

Aerobic Gram positives and some anaerobic Gram negatives

What is Pen V used on?

Used orally because it's acid resistant(Streps)

What is Pen G used on?

Used IM or IV(Gonorrhea, syphilis)

What is Clavulanic Acid?

Improves susceptibility of bacteria to beta-lactam since it shuts down their resistance gene

What is Carbapenems?

Beta-lactam. Highly resistant infections, for gram-negative infections. Drug of last resort.

What are Macrolides function?

Binds to the 50S subunit of ribosome, which inhibits protein synthesis

What is Lacosamide's(clindamycin) function?

Bind 50S subunit of ribosome, shut down protein synthesis

What is Tetracyclines and Glycyclines function?

shut down protein synthesis.

What is the function of Sulphonamides?

Interacts with folic acid biosynthesis, which is needed to make DNA and RNA

What is Quinolones function?

Inhibit DNA gyrase or topoisomerase IV (inhibits DNA replication)

What is Vancomycin function?

Glycopeptide that inhibits cell wall synthesis. Cell Death. Similar to b-lactam but has a different structure.

What is Metronidazole function?

Converted enzymes by anaerobes into a toxic compound that binds to DNA. (Redox enzyme pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase)

How are ways microbes gain antibiotic resistance?

natural resistance, mutation, and acquired resistance.

What are the 4-ways that bacteria beat antibiotics?

DIGEST, ALTER, SECRETE, AVOID

Antibiotics treat ___ infections, not ____ infections

bacterial, viral

What are important ways to fight back against antibiotic resistance ?

Use the right drug for the right bug. 

Dose/Duration/Finish.