Language Disorders

imported from quizlet. I omitted some questions so look back for exam 2 maybe

What does DLD stand for

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD)

What is involved in the function of language?

Use, Pragmatic, Language Skills

T or F: ASHA's definition of a language disorder assumes a naturalist perspective of language disorder

True

Within a naturalist perspective an impairment is characterized by:

A deviation from the average level of ability achieved by a similar group

Within a normative perspective an impairment is characterized by:

The impact of the language impairment on the child's overall functioning and development. This perspective takes into account society's expectations for an individual's behavior. A child should only be diagnosed with a language disorder when their language acquisition trajectory or lack thereof interferes with their ability to function within society (etc., relationships, employment, academics).

What is a language disorder co morbidity?

Part of a co existing medical condition. Are likely to need an intervention that takes into account their condition

What is impairment/disorder?

Disruption in the basic biological and psychological systems necessary for communication

T or F: DLD should be used for children that have persisting problems with language in their everyday life in the absence of any biomedical condition.

True

What is involved in the form of language?

Morphology, Syntax, Phonology

What is involved in the content of language?

Vocabulary, Semantics

What is disability?

Inability to communicate because of the impairment

What is handicap?

Limitations in the fulfillment of social and cultural functions resulting from impairments or disabilities

What does the term IDEA stand for?

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

T or F: IDEA makes a distinction between evaluation and assessment.

True

What is an evaluation based on IDEA?

Refers to the process of establishing eligibility for special education services. Similar to a screening to see if the patient would qualify for services.

What is an assessment based on IDEA?

Refers to the rest of the appraisal process. After determining eligibility for special education services. Assessment is the protocols, goals and the rest of the evaluation.

T or F: Behavioral Observation describes behavior in a systematic function without reference to any predetermined standard.

True

What is a narrative retell?

Child 3 - 4 years and up. Read the child a scripted story while you look at the pictures together. Ask the child to tell the story back to you while you record the child's narrative

What is a narrative tell?

Child 3 - 4 years and up. Ask the child to tell you a story from a wordless picture book while you look at the pictures together. You record the child's narrative.

What are come good production techniques to increase a Childs production?

Role play, turn taking (I spy game), elicited imitation (asking the child say what I say)

What are the 4 purpose of language intervention?

Change or eliminate the underlying problem.
Change the disorder.
Teach compensatory strategies.
Modify the communication context.

What are the three levels of intervention goals?

1. Basic goals (long term goal)
2. Intermediate goals (short term goal)
3. Specific goals (short term goal)

What are tier 1 vocabulary words?

Words a child likely has exposure to all of the time: juice, milk, blanket, (can be context dependent)

What are tier 2 vocabulary words?

Words targeted in school or in a regular setting that are useful to learning: observe, science, click (on the computer)

What are tier 3 vocabulary words?

Low frequency words that are content specific: enzyme, volcanic ash, prehistoric, etc.

What are some examples of clinician directed approaches/examples for therapy?

Drill, Drill Play, Modeling

Describe the child center approach of self talk clinician responses.

We talk about what we are doing while we play with the child, we describe our actions to provide a language model
"Wow, I'm building a tower! I'm building a tower with blocks!"

Describe the child center approach of parallel talk clinician responses.

we talk about the child's actions while we are playing, like a running commentary
"You are building. You are building with blocks!"

Describe the child center approach of imitations clinician responses.

We can imitate what the child says so that in turn they will imitate what we say. We can first say something and then see if they will repeat what you have said or attempt to while they play.

Describe the child center approach of expansions clinician responses.

We take what the child says and we expand on it with grammatical forms and semantic details. Expansions increase the likelihood that the children will spontaneously imitate part of what the adult says. "Child: truck barn Clinician: The red truck is in the barn"

Describe the child center approach of extensions clinician responses.

Comments by the clinician that add semantic information to the child's utterance. "Child: Truck
Clinician:Yes the truck pulls the hay."

Describe the child center approach of buildups and breakdowns clinician responses.

Expand a child's utterance to build it up and then break it back down. This helps show a child how sentences are formed and put together. "Child: Puppy house.
Clinician:Yes the puppy is in the house. The house. The puppy is in. The puppy is in the house"

Describe the child center approach of recasting clinician responses.

You are expanding what the child says into an appropriate grammatical sentence that is a different type or a more elaborated sentence. "Child: doggy house
Clinician: Is the doggy in the house? Or Hmm I don't see the doggy in the house?"

What are the three hybrid approach characteristics?

1. Target one or a small set of specific language goals.
2. Clinician maintains a good deal of control in selecting activities/materials but does so in a way that consciously tempts the child to spontaneously use targeted structures.
3. Clinician uses linguistic stimuli not just to respond to the child's communication but to model and highlight the forms being targeted.

List the hybrid approaches.

Focused Stimulation,
Vertical Structuring,
Milleau Communication Training, and
Script Therapy

Describe the hybrid approach of focused stimulation.

Clinician arranges activity so that there is a lot of modeling from the clinician of the target structures/words to get the patient to produce them. The child is not asked to directly produce the forms. If the child declines to do so the clinician continues providing models of the target forms. Effective for monolingual and dual language patients

Describe the hybrid approach of vertical structuring.

"Vertical Structuring is a type of expansion used like focused stimulation used to highlight certain structures. Most commonly used and helpful for younger children developing early language skills. The clinician takes the fragmented portions of what the child says and puts them together. "•Clinician: What do you see here?
•Child: Dog.
•Clinician: Yes, what is he doing?
•Child: Bark.
•Clinician: The dog is barking."

Describe the hybrid approach of milieu communication training.

Clinician uses imitation, prompting, and cueing during interactions with the child. The clinician sets up the environment to get the child interested and then waits for the child to initiate a request.
"Child: marker
Clinician: (reaches for marker on the shelf), Oh you want the red marker?
Child: red marker"

What are the 3 principles of milieu communication training?

1. environmental arrangement
2. responsive interaction
3. conversation based contexts that use child interest

Describe the hybrid approach of script therapy.

Using natural routines and scripts that the child is used to: brushing teeth, passing out napkins, something familiar -
The clinician will set up the activity and change it slightly to help stimulate language. Ex: the clinician may "forget" to pass out the napkins before handing out the cookies.

Describe the hybrid approach of literature based scripts

More than book reading, you are stimulating language, commenting and asking questions about aspects of the book to engage the child

How do we determine when our patient has met their goals?

Once your patient is accurate 50% of the time in conversation (outside of the therapy room) then you should stop directly targeting that goal per the guidelines in your text

What does RTI stand for?

Response to Intervention

What are RTI approaches designed for?

RTI approaches are designed within a framework with different levels of support for a child with a possible special need. RTI approaches are supposed to help alleviate the over representation of certain groups in special education.

What does MTSS stand for?

Multi Tiered System of Support (TX)

How many tiers of instruction are in RTI/MTSS?

3 tiers

What are the three tiers of RTI/MTSS?

Tier 1: general education classroom for all students, SLP consults with teacher to make some changes for a child or try and work with a child on a certain skill, all done in the classroom - SLP observes and checks in with the teacher.
Tier 2: short term focused instruction by a classroom aide, classroom teacher in consultation with the SLP for a skill the child is struggling with
Tier 3: based on performance in Tier 1 and 2 instruction the SLP makes recommendations for more intense therapy with the SLP to work on speech/language/communication goals.

How do you calculate MLU?

total # of morphemes/total # of utterances

What is kangaroo care?

a method of caring for premature babies in which the infants are held skin-to-skin with a parent, usually the mother, for as many hours as possible every day.

How do you calculate Correct gestational age (CGA)?

Subtract the number of weeks of prematurity from the child's chronological age
- Ex: 3 months old but 8 weeks premature = 12-8 = 4 weeks CGA

Gestural means of communication are predominant at what age?

8-12 months of age

Gestures combine with word like vocalization containing consonants occurs at what age?

12-18 months of age

What are the three types of narratives?

Personal, Script, Functional narratives

What age is the advance language stage?

Generally between 12 years of age and early adulthood.