Nationalism and Imperialism in 19th Century Europe

These flashcards cover key concepts related to nationalism, imperialism, and significant events and figures in 19th century Europe, as discussed in the lecture notes.

Nationalism

A feeling of strong identification with one's own people and heritage, often leading to the demand for self-determination.

Nation-State

A distinct entity comprised of a people who share a common language and culture, governed by a state with defined borders.

Romantic Idealism

A movement that glorified the past and fostered emotional fervor for cultural and national identity.

Garibaldi

A military leader who played a crucial role in the unification of Italy, known for leading the Red Shirts.

Dreyfus Affair

A political scandal in France involving a Jewish army officer falsely accused of treason, highlighting deep-seated anti-Semitism.

Zionism

A Jewish nationalist movement advocating for the return to a homeland for Jews, notably championed by Theodor Herzl.

Realpolitik

A political philosophy prioritizing practical results and power over moral or ideological considerations, associated with Bismarck.

Franco-Prussian War

A conflict between France and Prussia (1870-1871) that facilitated the unification of Germany.

Social Darwinism

The application of Darwinian concepts of natural selection to social structures, often used to justify imperialism and racial superiority.

Positivism

A philosophical theory asserting that knowledge should be based on scientific observation and empirical evidence.