Jefferson, Era of Good Feelings, and Market Revolution

Jefferson's Agrarian Republic vision

Growth of nationalism and westward expansion

Louisiana Purchase 1803

U.S. purchased the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S. and giving the U.S. full control of the Mississippi River

Marbury v. Madison (1802)

Established judicial review; "midnight judges;" John Marshall; power of the Supreme Court.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children

Embargo Act of 1807

This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act.

Non-Intercourse Act of 1809

Replaced the Embargo of 1807. Unlike the Embargo, which forbade American trade with all foreign nations, this act only forbade trade with France and Britain. It did not succeed in changing British or French policy towards neutral ships, so Macon's Bill No. 2 replaced it.

3 causes of the war of 1812

Impressment of American sailors, interference with American shipping, and British aid to Native Americans

War hawks

Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted to takeover British land in North America and expand.

Francis Scott Key

wrote the Star Spangled Banner

Star spangled banner

The national anthem of the United States written by Francis Scott Key, inspired by the battle of Fort McHenry

Battle of Fort McHenry

British shelling of Baltimore harbor unsuccessful, inspires national anthem

Significance of the Battle of New Orleans

1. Created the illusion that the US won the War of 1812 outright

2. Made Andrew Jackson a national hero

Phrase "Era of good feelings"

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

Tariff of 1816

This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.

Henry Clay's "American System"

1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements

Impact of Cotton Gin

-invented by Ely Whitney

-cotton cleaning process became more efficient

-allowed cotton farmers to move farther west to grow more cotton which drove Native Americans off their land

-increased cotton supply which created a larger work force (slaves)

-the cotton gin is an example of how industrialization changed life in the U.S.

sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Talmadge amendment

This was a proposal to admit Missouri as a slave state with gradual emancipation. It passed in the House, but not in the Senate, and made slavery an issue. The South thought the North was going to try to eliminate slavery everywhere.

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1820)

Corrupt Bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

the Supreme Court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to tax the federal bank using the Constitution's supremacy clause. The Court's broad interpretation of the necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

The Supreme Court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The Court's broad interpretation of the Constitution's commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers.

Irish

"Pushed" to the U.S. due to a potato famine.

Nativism

A policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones

Lowell system

Dormitories for young women where they were cared for, fed, and sheltered in return for cheap labor, mill towns, homes for workers to live in around the mills

Germans

In the 1840s and 1850s, because of economic hardship and the failure of democratic revolutions, one million of these people came to the United States. They often established homesteads in the Old Northwest and generally prospered. (p. 176)

Working conditions

12-14 hour workdays

Very little pay

Dangerous working conditions

Roads and canals

promoting trade and commerce, enabling westward expansion and urbanization, and connecting previously isolated regions