Expanding Civil Rights

What did Hippies want during this era and what was their goal?

Reject the norms of society and to achieve true peace and freedom for all. They expressed this through youth, rebellion and individuality.

What was the main theme of the expanding civil rights era for the hippies?

To create a “perfect society” of equality

Red Power Movement

group of Native Americans tired of the US government’s ignorance and mistreatment of them, often “frustrated by decades of poverty and discrimination.”

What did the Native Americans in the Red Power Movement do?

Brought lots of attention as they wanted to rightfully receive their land back from them and have equal and fair treatment like others. However their efforts were in vain with the government shutting them down.

Trail of Broken Treaties

where the American Indian Movement (AIM) members went to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) listing a list of demands for equality and fair treatment.

What did the list of demands for equality and fair treatment state for the Native Americans?

Improving Housing, education, and economic opportunities in Indian communities and protection

Wounded Knee Part Two of 1973

the AIM members accused their president of the reservation of corruption and used this opportunity to criticize the US government for not sticking to the treaties. There was firing on both sides causing casualties but the government did little to meet the demands of the protestors.

Later on the Nixon administration had..

“Increased funding for Indian education, healthcare, legal services, housing, and economic development followed, along with the hiring of more Indian employees in the BIA.”

The Lavender Scare:

1940's and the 1960's homosexuals or people suspected of being gay were being forced out of federal jobs and the military.

What was created to stand up for LGBTQ rights?

Mattachine Society, Daughters of Bilitis, National Transsexual Counseling Unit, Sexual Freedom League of San Francisco were all created to stand up for rights for those who have been mistreated for being a part of the LGBTQ community.

The Gay Liberation and Gay Activists’ Alliance was created after what?

The Stonewall Riots where these people were wrongfully arrested causing riots to break out, soon creating the Gay Liberation Front and Gay Activists’ Alliance where they aimed “ to protest discrimination, homophobia, and violence against gay people, promoting gay liberation and gay pride”.

APA caused?

American Psychiatric Association (APA) caused for LGBTQ members to lose jobs and other valuables due to their categorization of homosexuality as a mental illness. Despite this they were able to persevere and make impacts by protesting for equality.

Chicano Movement:

demanded increased political power for Mexican Americans, education that recognized their cultural heritage, and the restoration of lands taken from them.

Crusade for Justice of 1965 in Denver:

provide jobs, legal services, and healthcare for Mexican Americans

Youth Movement:

equality in the schools

Urban movement:

issues of poverty faced in the inner cities

Farm workers movement:

rights and treatment of migrant farm workers

National Farm Workers Association (NFWA), United Farm Workers aimed to?

improve the lives of migrant farm workers and they conducted protests and strikes which brought national attention for their impacts.

Political efficacy movement:

Americans of Latino descent elected to political office

Wilderness Protection Act, Quality Act, and the Air Quality Act was made to

improve the environment to bring awareness

Environmental Protection Agency:

a federal watchdog dedicated to proper care of the planet

What was done to preserve the earth?

New legislations and acts were created to tighten and preserve the earth.

W.I.T.C.H. (Women’s International Terrorist Conspiracy from Hell)

a loose association of activist groups, very radical.

WITCH protested for protection for women in all forms. Name some?

protection from employment discrimination for pregnant women, reform of rape laws (such as the abolition of laws requiring a witness to corroborate a woman’s report of rape), criminalization of domestic violence, and funding for schools that sought to counter sexist stereotypes of women

WITCH was able to

achieve several improvements and started to make waves into the political field

Education Amendments Act of 1972 Title IX

prohibits sex discrimination in education

What did the NWPC do for women?

The National Women’s Political Caucus (NWPC) aided many feminists to stand up and get change for all women.

Key ERA Point:

Goal of the National Organization for Women (NOW) was the passage of an Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) however it was never fully ratified by all the states, despite this they made several changes to the treatment of women.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882:

Aimed to restrict the amount of Chinese immigrant workers into the country to preserve peace and order.

What did Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 cause?

It was very tedious getting in and citizenship was discouraged because of the difficulty, overall caused little to no diversity in the US.

1921 & 1924 Immigration Quota Acts:

Aimed to restrict the amount of Asians able to enter the US under a work permit.

Goal of the 1921 & 1924 Immigration Quota Acts?

Wanted to preserve the western and eastern europeans in the US.

1965 Immigration and Nationality Act:

Allowed for all ethnic groups to enter the US under a work permit with desirable skills.

What did the 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act cause?

“Increased immigration from Asia and Latin America and created more diversity in the country.” “Led to a more skilled labor force because immigrants were required to have higher education.”

2012 Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA):

Government program that provides relief for immigrants who weren’t documented but were brought in as children

Effects of the DACA

Impacted immigration as undocumented young immigrants were saved by deportation. By protecting young immigrants they were able to still work and thrive in society. However this caused controversy of this becoming a new path to citizenship and it was criticized for how thousands of people could fit into this and apply for citizenship since they were adults now

Executive Order 13767 and 13769

“Focused on border security and improved immigration laws, prevent terrorists from entering the United states”

What did the Executive Order 13767 and 13769 cause?

Created to help solve the large amount of undocumented illegal immigrants

Many families were denied basic necessities and “humanitarian aid” stirring up multiple viewpoints on this topic

Title 42:

allowed blocking of certain people from entering the US from certain countries which are going through disease outbreaks.