Artic. Exam 1 - Phonological Processes

Reduplication

repetition of syllable, repeat the word Ex: “police” [po po]

Diminution

Add /i/ sound to the end Ex: doll dolly

Epenthesis

Add the schwa Ex: blue - balue

Final Consonant Deletion

Delete Final Consonant Ex: peek [pi]

Initial Consonant Deletion

drop beginning consonant Ex: cup up less common

Cluster Deletion or Reduction

simplify or drop cluster Ex: boats - boat or boa

Sound substitution

replacing sound with another Ex: bed - ted

Stopping

replace a sound with a stop Ex: soap - toap

stridency deletion

replace or delete a strident with a non-strident Ex: Zoo - too

fronting

putting back sounds in the front Ex: coat - doat

Depalatalization

palatal sounds are replaced with non-palatal sounds Ex: judge - [gʌd]

Deaffrication

changing an affricate to another obstruent (fricative or a stop) Ex: Juice - [zuz]

Gliding

• very common

• liquid to a glide Ex: road - [wod]

Vowelization

syllabic liquids or rhotic diphthongs replaced with vowels Ex: bigger - [bɪgə]

Assimilation

when a phoneme is changed due to the influence of a neighboring phoneme

labial Assimilation

consonant becomes labial due to another labial Ex: table - [bebl]

alveolar assimilation

consonant becomes alveolar due to another alveolar Ex: sock - [sat] or goat - [dot]

velar Assimilation

consonant changes to velar due to another velar Ex: cat - [kæk] or cat - [kæg]

Nasal Assimilation

Consonant becomes a nasal due to another nasal Ex: pain - [men] or nope - [non]

Progressive

changes from left to right, affects after

Regressive

changes from right to left, affects before

partical

not the same phoneme Ex: goat - [dot]

complete

exact same phoneme Ex: goat - [tot]