Rome || Unit 5

What Legend was about the founding of Rome:

Romulus and Remus founded the city.

Rome’s original residents:

Did Rome allow people from other parts of the world and who?

Latins

Yes, Etruscans and Greeks

How was the kingdom of Rome like?

Monarchs ruled (kings)

Memorize this map:

When regions are divided up into territories that were supervised by a Roman governor

Provinces

What Legend did Virgil write?

Aeneid

Was Rome’s religion influenced by Greek mythology?

Yes, especially their gods.

Zeus → ?

Hera → ?

Athena → ?

Aphrodite → ?

Jupiter

Juno

Minerva

Venus

Achievement in ancient Rome:

network of roads (transportation and trade)

Who was Vitruvius and what did he say about buildings?

Vitruvius is a Roman Architect that basically said buildings should be durable, utilized, and beautiful.

Basilicas:

Large gatherings for religious or legal events

Amphitheatres

Used for entertainment events

Form of art Rome is famous for:

Mosaics

Order of roman government?

Kingdom → Republic → Empire

How did the Roman republic form?

Senators overthrew the monarch.

There were two classes: Patricians and Plebeians (fought for rights for plebeians)

What is a republic?

People elect leaders who govern them

Why did Rome temporary elect dictators?

When they suffered instability and war was happening

Cincinnatus

Farmer who became a popular dictator, led Romans to victory.

What 3 branches did the Roman Republic have?

(what did they do)

Senate, Magistrates, and Assemblies

Senate: powerful people who proposed new laws 🖊

Magistrates: consuls approved it ✅
Assemblies: needed to ratify before it became a law (group up and confirm) 🧑‍🤝‍🧑

Punic Wars

Romans were against Carthage and won.

• New Territory

• Enslave Carthage

  

What is the battle of Zama

2nd Punic War, Hannibal attacks and Carthage surrenders.

Julius Caesar

Expanded Roman territory to Gaul.

Pompey got jealous of Caesar's power and told him to come to Rome.

Caesar brought his army and Pompey ran to Egypt and died

Caesar Dictator for Life

Craftspeople:

Created several kinds of pottery (am

Miners:

Mined gold, silver, copper, iron, lead, tin to make coins tools and weapons

After rome conquered other civilizations Rome had more access:

To more natural resources

(they enslaved people + had to pay taxes)

How did colonization and enslavement impact the Romans?

Allowed privileged Romans to become extremely wealthy.

Patriarchy

Men were in charge of the families

Were women allowed in the Roman government?

No, responsible for raising children

How did children receive education in Rome

Only children from wealthy families

Rights of Enslaved people in Rome?

No rights.

Spartacus

Slave gladiator that revolted.

Legions

Romany army into multiple groups of soldiers.

What is a forum?

Public meeting place in the city center

Which leader led to the Pax Romana

Agustus

What is common coinage called

Denarius

Most important trade in Pax Romana:

Silk Roads

(Rome to Asia China)

Rome’s most successful emperor

Agustus

Who set up the civil service system and what is it

Agustus (tax collection)

What is the Favian Dynasty

Roman empire had 4 different emperors in one year.

Who were gladiators in the coliseum

Slaves

Who were the 4 bad emperors

Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Commodus

What happened during the downfall of the Pax Romana

Classes divided (huge difference between rich and poor)

Majority were poor

Deities are?

Symbols of the state (Roman Gods)

Worship of the emperor is called:

Theocracy

Christians were Polytheistic or Monotheistic

Monotheistic

What is a messiah

someone who was chosen by God to save their people and bring peace

Old Testament contains most of the same texts as the Hebrew ___

Torah

What is trinity in Christianity

God the Father, Son, Holy Spirit

Diocletian:

Split Empire + Created System of Succession

Constantine:

Ends Diocletian’s reforms, LEGALIZES Christianity (Edict of Milan)

Theodosius

Established Christianity

Imperial Crisis

Rome split into two, Civil wars were common

Easter Rome known as:

Byzantine Empire

Hannibal:

Carthage General (elephants)

Marc Antony

Caesar’s assistant who rose power after his death.

Who was part of the Triumvirate

Pompey, Crassus, Caesar