Genetic Diversity and Adaptation

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What are gene mutations and what do they involve

Any change to one or more nucleotide bases in the base sequence of chromosomes

• arise spontaneously during DNA replication

• Includes base deletion and base substitution

Explain why not all base substitutions cause a change in the amino acid sequence

• despite the mutation of the base, the triplet may still code for the same amino acid

• the mutation occurred in the introns of the DNA

Describe how mutagenic agents can increase the rate of gene mutation

Give examples of mutagenic agents

they increase the probability of a mutation occurring

• high energy radiation

• X-rays

• UV light

• Carcinogens

What are homologous chromosomes?

a chromosome pair, one paternal and one maternal, with the same gene loci

flashcard on meiosis

cant screenshot on haruki’s laptop

What are the outcomes of meosis?

• 4 genetically different haploid gametes

• two of those gametes fuse to form diploid zygote