4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies

What caused a change in social heirarchy?

Rebellions

Ottoman social hierarchy (most to least power)

Sultan, warriors/scholars, merchants/artisans, peasants, slaves

Viziers

people who spoke for Ottoman sultan

Timar

system where sultan granted lands for those he favored

What did Mehmed II do to show his religious tolerance?

moved Jews to Istanbul after they were expelled from Spain

Harem

residence where sultan's wife/wives lived

Roxelana

slave --> married Suleiman I

Roxelana's son

became sultan after Suleiman

Barbary Pirates

captured European slaves in Mediterranean & sold them to sultan

Impressed

forcing European slaves into Ottoman military

Akbar's religious tolerance

tolerant to all religions

Manchu

ruled Qing - made their culture dominant

Queues

hairstyle men were forced to wear in Qing (Manchu style)

Who led huge massacres on Han people?

Li Chengdong and Liu Liangzuo

Nobility

landowners - maintained power thru heritance

What did Louis XIV do to the social heirarchy?

made sure he had absolute power when nobles tried to compete with him for power

Sephardic Jews

Jews from Spain

Ashkenazi Jews

Jews from central/east Europe

Boyars

Russian landowners - rebelled against Ivan IV

Why did social hierarchy change in America?

Europeans and Africans arrived

America social hierarchy (most to least power)

peninsulares, criollos, castas

Peninsulares

from Spain/Portugal

Criollos

European background but born in America

Castas

mixed people

Mestizos

top of castas - European and indigenous

Mulattoes

middle of castas - European and African

Zambos

bottom of castas - African and Indigenous