Unit 5 Vocabulary Terms

Directions: Study the following vocab terms listed below. Use the U5 Vocab Guide to help you study. By the end of the unit, you will have a fill-in-the-blank style quiz to assess your mastery of the terms. Study Tip: Throughout the unit, pay close attention to these words as they are used throughout the weekly 3CR articles. Record the sentences below for each, with the words underlined in them.

abolish

to do away with; to put a stop to

Reformers in the nineteenth century fought to _______ slavery.

absolute monarchy

an authoritarian governing system in which a hereditary ruler holds complete power until death an authoritarian governing system in which a hereditary ruler holds complete power until death

Ruled by an ________ ________, the empire’s citizens constantly lived in fear of oppression and injustice.

aristocracy

a high-ranking social class, having special privileges and influence and usually determined by heredity

She was born into the ___________ and was expected to marry someone of her own class.

autonomy

freedom and independence; self-governance

Most teenagers want ________ even though they are still highly dependent on their parents.

bourgeoisie

the middle class

The French __________ became wealthy from trade and business and began to demand more political rights.

citizen

a person belonging by birth or naturalization to a political and geographic entity, especially a nation

His father emigrated from Russia in 1917 and became a French _______.

communism

the theory of a classless social system in which all property and means of production are owned in common; socialist theory deriving from the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

Many reformers like Friedrich Engels advocated for _________ to replace capitalism.

conservative

a person who favors the traditional and opposes rapid change

As a ____________, the minister was uncomfortable with the way he saw the church changing.

constitution

the set of basic laws and principles by which a nation, state, or other organization is governed

They were forced to change the club’s ____________ so that women could be allowed membership.

consumer

one who purchases goods or services

The farm depended on _________ to buy their corn to stay in business.

democracy

a form of government in which power ultimately rests with the people, either directly or through elected representatives

The dictator was forced out of power and _________ was established.

Enlightenment, the

an eighteenth-century philosophical movement that emphasized the use of reason

The _____________ marked a period of significant social growth and development, resulting in advancements in philosophy, politics, literature, technology, and science.

ethnic nationalism

a form of nationalism wherein the nation is defined by a shared heritage, which usually includes a common language, a common faith, and a common ethnic ancestry

Many minority groups under the control of empires fought for independence by banding together based on a shared sense of ______ ___________.

factory

a building or set of buildings where products are manufactured

People moved from farms to cities to work in the new _______.

fossil fuels

any carbon-containing fuel formed from the remains of prehistoric plants and animals, such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas

The burning of ______ _____ has been directly linked to climate change.

gender

socially constructed characteristics of women and men, such as norms, roles, and relationships of and between groups of women and men (World Health Organization)

The hiring guidelines are designed to reduce discrimination based on ______.

ideology

the body of beliefs, symbols, and political and social aims that characterizes a particular group or institution

Most Europeans in the thirteenth century were influenced by Catholic ________.

independence

the quality or state of being independent; freedom from outside control

Colonists in the Americas declared ____________ from Britain in 1776.

industrial

of or pertaining to the production of goods and services by industry (the activity or process of turning raw materials into finished goods, or a particular business that does this

The number of __________ jobs increased in the nineteenth century as new factories were built.

invest

to spend with the intention of gaining some benefit

Factory owners ______ in new machines to make textile production more efficient.

liberal

one who believes in a progressive political philosophy, which favors government promotion of social change and the importance of individual liberty

The _______ think that the government should do more to create jobs for the unemployed.

manufacture

to make by machine, usually in great quantities

This factory ____________ machine parts.

nation

a people living in the same geographic region and having a common history, language, and culture

Eventually, the 13 colonies came together and formed a ______ of 13 states, each connected by a common identity and ideology.

nation-state

the modern autonomous (self-governing) nation, considered as a unit of political organization

Albania is a small ______ - _____ of around 3 million people.

nationalism

concern for or devotion to one’s own nation, especially desire for national progress, defense, or independence

A wave of ___________ swept the country after its citizens were attacked.

proletariat

the working class, especially those that lack capital and must sell their usually unskilled labor in order to survive

The revolutionaries declared that factories and other means of production should be handed over to the ___________.

radical

a person who advocates fundamental or extreme social and political changes

Some of the ________ were arrested and put it jail for their violent protests.

reform

to improve or enhance through moderate change

Women sought to ______ factory conditions and fought for the right to vote.

republic

a state or nation where supreme political power is exercised by elected representatives acting in the name of the people

After the king was dethroned, the country became a ________ led by a democratically selected leader.

revolution

a massive upheaval in ideas or ways of doing something, or the widescale change or transformation that occurs because of it

The Industrial __________ made mass production of goods possible.

socialism

a political or economic theory in which community members own all property, resources, and the means of production, and control the distribution of goods

Individuals who think the community should own and control property, production and distribution believe in _________.

sovereignty

the power of self-government, with independence from outside control; autonomy

The nation’s military fought bravely to maintain their country’s ___________, but they ultimately were no match for their rivals to the north.

suffrage

the right to vote in a political election

Some states imposed obstacles to restrict the ________ of Black people.