2 - Causes + consequences of urbanisation and urban growth

Define decentralisation

Movement of population and industry from the urban centre to outlying areas

What's homogenisation?

The process of people, products and places becoming the same.

Define an edge city?

A self contained settlement which has emerged from the original city boundary and developed as a city

Define gentrification.

Buying and renovating of properties in more run down areas by wealthier people

What are the 2 main causes of urban growth?

Natural increase and rural-urban migration

What are some push factors for rural to urban migration?

- being driven off land due to cash crops

- overfarming and soil erosion

- high levels of disease/inadequate healthcare

- natural disasters

- wars/civil strife

What are some pull factors for rural-urban migration?

- percieved better quality of life

- more job opportunities and better paid

- earning from the informal sector is easier

- better social provisions

Name a real life example of a place with issues because of urban growth?

In Dhaka there are 13 million people so lots live in slums and there is overcrowding and diseases spread fast. This shows how the government can't deal with the amount of people

Name an organisation helping to stop the effects of poverty and urban growth?

SDI which is slum dwellers international and provide people with education to not be excluded from the economic/political processes in the country

Give a social, economic and environmental impact of urban sprawl?

- more commuting to the city so more money on fuel

- more new roads and pipes infrastructure

- more air pollution and UHI

- underemployment where work doesn't properly utilise someone's skills such as with migrants

How can urban sprawl influence employment sectors?

Deindustrialisation so less jobs in the primary and secondary sectors and more demand in the tertiary sector