FORT Objective 1

Phoneme

the smallest sounds of speech, only have meaning when alone, creates words when put together

how many phonemes are in ‘fox’

4

/f/ /o/ /k/ /s/ 

phonological awareness

the awareness that oral language is composed of smaller units, such as words and syllables (just the sounds of spoken language)

5 main components of phonological awareness

1. Rhymes & Alliteration

2. Word Awareness

3. Syllabication

4. Onset & Rime

5. Phonemic Awareness

Rhyming

words that have ending sounds that sound similar (bat & cat)

Alliteration

sorting words by their initial sounds (phonemes)

Word Awareness (segmenting sentences)

knows what a word is 

can hear and count the number of words in a sentence 

demonstrates one to one correspondence

Syllabication

“big parts” or large sound chunks in words

Onset

the initial phonological unit of any word before the vowel sound

/c/ in can

Rime

the remaining sounds that follow the vowel sound

/an/ in can 

Word Families

words can change by substituting the initial phoneme sound (onset) while keeping the predictable ending pattern (rime)

Phonological awareness skills from LEAST complex to MOST complex

1. Word Awareness

2. Rhymes & Alliteration

3. Syllabication

4. Onset & Rime

5. Phonemic Awareness

6 basic skills of phonemic awareness (simplest to most complex)

1. phoneme isolation

2. blending

3. segmentation

4. addition

5. deletion

6. substitution

Phoneme Isolation

the ability to identify where a sound appears in a word, or to identify what sound appears in a given position in a word 

“Does the /p/ sound come at the beginning, middle, or end of the word tap?”

Phoneme Blending

the ability to hear the individual sounds in a word, put the sounds together, and say the word that is made

Phoneme Segmentation

the ability to break words down into individual sounds

Phoneme manipulation

the ability to modify, change or move the individual sounds in a word 

Phoneme Addition

the ability to ADD a phoneme to the beginning or end of a word

Phoneme Deletion

the ability to DELETE a phoneme from the beginning, end or middle of a word

Phoneme Substitution

the ability to DELETE a phoneme from a word and ADD in another phoneme to create a new word

Alphabetic Principle aka Phonics

there are specific relationships between written letters and spoken sounds

phonemes are represented by graphemes