AP World History Chapter 8 Key Terms

abolitionist movement

abolitionist movement

An international movement that condemned slavery as morally repugnant and contributed much to ending slavery in the Western world during the nineteenth century; the movement was especially prominent in Britain and the United States beginning in the late eighteenth century.

American Revolution

Successful rebellion against British rule conducted by the European settlers in the thirteen colonies of British North America, starting in 1776; a conservative revolution whose success preserved property rights and class distinctions but established republican government in place of a monarchy.

Declaration of the Rights of Men and Citizen

Charter of political liberties, drawn up by the French National Assembly in 1789, that proclaimed the equal rights of all male citizens; the declaration gave expression ro the essential outlook of the French Revolution and became the preamble to the French constitution completed in 1791.

French Revolution

Massive upheaval of French society (1789-1815) that overthrew the monarchy, ended the legal privileges of the nobility, and for a time outlawed the Catholic Church. The ______ __________ proceeded in stages, becoming increasingly radical and violent until the period known as the Terror in 1793-1794, after which it became more conservative, especially under Napoleon Bonaparte (r. 1799-1815)

Great Jamaica Revolt

Slave rebellion in the British West Indies (1831-1832) inspired by the Haitian Revolution in which about 60,000 slaves attacked several hundred plantations; the discontent of the slaves an the brutality of the British response helped sway the British people to support the abolition of slavery.

Haitian Revolution

The only successful slave rebellion in world history, the uprising in the French Caribbean colony of Saint Domingue (later renamed Haiti which means “mountainous” or “rugged” in the native Taino language) was sparked by the French revolution and led to the establishment of an independent state after a long and bloody war (1791-1804). Its first leader was Toussaint Louverture, a former slave.

Hidalgo-Morelos rebellion

Socially radical peasant rebellion in Mexico (1810) led by the priests Miguel Hidalgo and José Morelos

Latin American Revolutions

Series of risings in the Spanish and Portuguese colones of Latin America (1808-1825) that established he independence of new states from European rule but that for the most part retained the privileges of the elites despite efforts at more radical social change by the lower classes.

maternal feminism

Movement that claimed that women have value in society not because of an abstract notion of equality but because women have a distinctive and vital role as mothers, its exponents argued that women have the right to intervene in civil and political life because of their duty to watch over the future of their children.

Napoleon Bonaparte

French head of state and general (r. 1799-1815); ________ preserved much of the French revolution under a military dictatorship and was responsible for the spread of revolutionary ideals through his conquest of much of Europe.

nationalism

The focusing of citizen’s loyalty on the notion that they are part of a “nation” with a unique culture, territory, and common experience, which merits an independent political life first became a prominent element of political culture in nineteenth-century Europe and the Americas.

Robespierre, Maximilien (1758- 1794)

Leader of the French Revolution during the Terror; his Committee of Public Safety executed tens of thousands of enemies of the revolution until he was arrested and guillotined.

Staton, Elizabeth Cady (1815-1902)

Leading figure of the early women’s rights movement in the United States. At the first Women’s Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848, she drafted a statement paraphrasing the Declaration of Independence, stating that men and women were created equal.

Tupac Amaru

Leader of a Native American rebellion in Peru in the early 1780’s claiming the last Inca emperor as an ancestor.

Vindication of the Rights of Woman

Written by Mar Wollstonecraft, this tract was one of the earliest expressions of the feminist consciousness.