Chapter 30

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson's economic plan.

Better laws for the common man

Wilson believed these were necessary to protect against big business.

Progressive Party

The party formed by Theodore Roosevelt after splitting from the Republicans.

Woodrow Wilson

Won the presidential election of 1912.

Jane Addams

The creator of Hull House in Chicago who supported Theodore Roosevelt.

Campaign topics of the Bull-Moose Party

Included woman’s suffrage, social welfare programs, minimum wage, and social insurance.

FDR’s presidency

Period from 1933 to 1945 when many Progressive campaign topics were realized.

New Freedom program

Championed small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and unregulated markets.

Roosevelt's campaign incident

He was shot but continued his speech, bleeding.

Taft's post-presidency career

Taught law at Yale and became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

Edith Bolling Gault

Woodrow Wilson's wife married in December 1915.

Relation to Pocahontas

Wilson's wife, Edith, was related to her.

Triple wall of privilege

Tariff, banks, and trusts, according to Wilson.

Underwood Tariff

Tariff program passed in 1913 for a substantial reduction of tariff rates.

16th Amendment consequence

Passed due to income lost from lower tariffs leading to an income tax.

Graduated income tax

The type of tax established by the 16th Amendment.

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Legislation to regulate banks by creating 12 regional reserve districts.

Federal Reserve

Controls the currency supply and interest rates.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914

Known as the Magna Charta of Labor by Samuel Gompers.

Importance of the Clayton Act

Expanded the Sherman Anti-trust Act to include banning discrimination.

Exempted industries in Clayton Act

Labor and agricultural organizations were exempt from anti-trust prosecution.

Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916

Provided low-interest credit to farmers.

Adamson Act of 1916

Established an eight-hour workday for railway workers.

Dollar Diplomacy

Taft's foreign policy that Wilson retreated from regarding Latin America.

Wilson's policy cancellation

Dissolved Dollar Diplomacy due to a belief it wasn’t the US's responsibility.

Wilson's re-introduced policy

Segregation was re-introduced during his presidency.

‘Birth of a Nation’ movie

Movie that debuted in the White House during Wilson's presidency.

Triple Entente countries

Great Britain, France, and Russia; became known as Allies.

Triple Alliance countries

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy; became known as Central Powers.

Ottoman Empire entry into war

Joined the Central Powers when Italy remained neutral in 1915.

Americans tied to Central Powers

11 million Americans by nationality related to the Central Powers in 1914.

Kaiser Wilhelm II

Responsible for Germany joining WWI against the Allies.

US economy boost from WWI

Due to loans and weapon sales to the Allies.

Neutral ships mean neutral goods

Phrase created by Wilson regarding American ships and German U-boats.

Lusitania

British passenger ship sunk in May 1915, causing 1,198 deaths.

Wilson's reaction to Lusitania sinking

Protests and harsh words without action.

Sussex pledge contents

Germany promised to stop unrestricted submarine warfare if Britain lifted the blockade.

Democratic party slogan 1916

‘He kept us out of war’.

April 1917 event

Wilson asked for a declaration of War.