apwh 145-1750

Absolutism

• A system where a monarch holds near-total power over the state 

divine right

• the idea that a monarch’s power comes from God 

Las castan in Latin America

Racial classification system in Spanish colonial Latin America that sorted people by ancestry

spanish inquisition

state-run religious court system established by catholics to enforce religious unity in spain

diaz

led expedition to round southern tip of africa

de Gama

completed first direct sea route from Europe to india

columbus

crossed atlantic & landed in the Caribbean thinking it was Asia, initiated exchange between old and new world

Louis XIV

king of France,, “Sun King”, built absolute monarchy and reduced power or nobles

palace of Versailles

built by Louis XIV, built to centralze power and to symbolize absolute monarchy

engenhos

sugar mills

capitalism

where private individuals own capital and produce goods for profit

conquistadors: Cortes & Pizzaro

• Spanish & Portuguese explorers who conquered vast territories driven by desire for gold, glory, and spreading christianity 

counter reformation

catholic churches internal reform movement & response to protestants

akbar

 consolidated mughal rule across india, centralized power, religious tolerance

thirty years war

• religious struggle between protestant and catholic states 

Peace of Westphalia

• et of treaties that ended thirty year wars by establishing state sovereignty 

Devshirme system

An ottoman practice of recruiting christian boys to serve the empire 

 Encomienda

• giving colonists the right to extract labor and tribute from a group of indigenous 

Haciendas

 large estates in spanish america focused on agriculture/ ranching

Peter the Great

• Westernized & modernized Russia, built a navy 

•  Founded new capital, st.petersburg 

Galleons

• ship for long distance trade 

Caravels

•  small sailing ship for exploration and voyages 

Prince Henry the Navigator

•  Sponsored & financed  voyages 

•  Portuguese soldier who pushed beyond previous limits 

Treaty of Tordesillas

• agreement between spain & portugal that divided newly discovered lands outside europe  

•  west= spain and east= portugal  

Protestant Reformation

•  Starting w/ Martin’s thesis 

•  Broke western christianity’s unity

Middle Passage

• brutal ocean crossing from africa to americas where enslaved people were packed into ships under horrific conditions 

Indentured servitude,

• labor contract where ppl agreed to work for a set number or years

Chattel slaver

• ppl treated as property

Coercive labor

•  labor obtained by force 

 Russian Boyers

High ranking nobles, owned large estates

Sikhism

• Monotheistic religion from india

•  One god, everyone equal

 Zheng He

• Chinese Muslim  

•  Major expeditions

• Treasure ships