AP Phys 1 full Mem Quiz

Mr Eaton's class

What are the SI units for the following?

Length

Time

Mass

Length - Meters

Time - Seconds

Mass - Kilograms

What is the formula for displacement?

\Delta\overrightarrow{x}=x-x_0

What is the formula for average velocity?

\overrightarrow{v}_{avg}=\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{x}}{\Delta t}

What is the formula for average acceleration?

\overrightarrow{a}_{avg}=\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{v}}{\Delta t}

What does the slope of a graph tell us?

\frac{\Delta xunits}{\Delta yunits}

What does area under a graph tell us?

Change in x units times y units

What does the slope of the position time graph tell us?

Velocity

What does the slope of the velocity time graph tell us?

Acceleration

What is constant in all inertial reference frames?

Acceleration

What does g = 9.8 m⁄s represent?

The acceleration of gravity.

What does the area under the graph of velocity time tell us?

Displacement = Change in position

What does the area under the graph of acceleration time tell us?

Change in velocity

Place each of the eighteen measurements correctly under either scalar and vectors:

acceleration, area, density, displacement, distance, energy, force, impulse, mass, momentum, position, power, pressure, speed, time, velocity, volume, and work.

Scalars: Distance, Speed, Time, Mass, Work, Energy, Power, Pressure, Area, Volume, Density

Vectors: Acceleration, Displacement, Position, Velocity, Force, Momentum, Impulse

What is missing from each kinematic equation that makes it useful?

v=v_0+at

x=x_0+v_0t+\frac12at^2

v^2=v_0^2+2a\left(x-x_0\right)

v=v_0+at No position

x=x_0+v_0t+\frac12at^2 No final velocity

v^2=v_0^2+2a\left(x-x_0\right) No time

What are the six trigonometric functions equal to?

\sin\theta=

\cos\theta=

\tan\theta=

\sin\theta=\frac{opp}{hyp}

\cos\theta=\frac{adj}{hyp}

\tan\theta=\frac{opp}{adj}

What does the following equation find?

\overrightarrow{x}_{\operatorname{cm}}=\frac{\Sigma m_{i}\overrightarrow{x}_{i}}{\Sigma m_{i}}

Center of mass

What does Newton’s First Law say?

An objects velocity will not change unless acted on by a

force.

Newton’s Second Law gives us this formula, what is another way to use this formula?

\overrightarrow{a}_{sys}=\frac{\Sigma\overrightarrow{F}}{m_{sys}}=\frac{\overrightarrow{F}_{net}}{m_{sys}}

F=ma

What does Newton’s Third Law say?

Forces exist in pairs.

\overrightarrow{F}_{AonB}=-\overrightarrow{F}_{BonA}

What does mass measure?

The object’s resistance to change in motion

The SI unit force is the Newton, what is the Newton equal to?

\operatorname{kg}\frac{m}{s^2}

What do each of the variables in the equation from Newton represent? G, m₁, m₂, r

\left\vert\overrightarrow{F}_{g}\right\vert=\frac{G\left(\operatorname{m_1m}_2\right)}{r^2}

G – Universal gravitational constant

m₁ – mass of first object

m₂ – mass of second object

r – distance between two objects

What is the formula for weight?

Weight =mg

What are force that need to be considered in the sum of forces?

Gravity F_{g}

Normal Force F_{n}=n

Tension F_{T}

Kinetic Friction F_{f}=F_{k}

Static Friction F_{f}=F_{k}

Spring Force F_{s}

Applied Force F_{a}=F

Which force of friction is represented below and what is the difference between the two formulas for friction?

\left\vert\overrightarrow{F}\right\vert\le\left\vert\mu\overrightarrow{F}n\right\vert_{}

\left\vert\overrightarrow{F}\right\vert=\left\vert\mu\overrightarrow{F}n\right\vert_{}

\left\vert\overrightarrow{F}\right\vert\le\left\vert\mu\overrightarrow{F}n\right\vert_{}Static Friction

\left\vert\overrightarrow{F}\right\vert=\left\vert\mu\overrightarrow{F}n\right\vert_{} Kinetic Friction

What does Hooke’s Law (the equation below) apply to?

\overrightarrow{F}=-k\Delta\overrightarrow{x}

Spring force based on displacement and spring constant

In circular motion what does this formula give us?

a_{c}=\frac{v^2}{r}

Centripetal acceleration from velocity and radius

In circular motion, what does T represent?

The period of the motion, the time it takes to complete

one circle.

How many circles an object completes in one second in circular motion is known as frequency What is the formula for frequency?

f=\frac{1}{T}

What does mechanical energy care about?

Motion and position

The SI unit of energy is what? What is it equivalent to?

Joule

J=N\cdot m=\frac{\operatorname{kg}\cdot m^2}{s^2}

What does the following formula find?

W=F_{\Vert}d=Fd\cos\theta

Work from force and displacement

What does the following formula find?

K=\frac12mv^2

Kinetic energy from mass and velocity

What is this formula called? What does it connect?

\Delta K=\Sigma W_{i}=\Sigma F_{\Vert i}d_{i}

Work Energy Theorem

Connects work with kinetic energy.

What does the area under the graph of the force vs

displacement tell us?

Work = \DeltaKinetic Energy

What are the main conservative forces?

Gravity and springs

What does the following formula find?

\Delta U_{g}=mg\Delta y

Change in potential energy of gravity from mass, the acceleration of gravity and vertical displacement.

What does the following formula find?

\Delta U_{s}=\frac12k\left(\Delta x\right)^2

Change in potential energy of spring from spring constant and displacement

What does the following formula find?

U_{G}=-\frac{GM_1m_2}{r}

Universal gravitational potential energy from universal gravitational constant, two masses and the distance between their centers

What deos the following formula find?

P_{avg}=\frac{W}{\Delta t}=\frac{\Delta E}{\Delta t}

Average power from either work and change in time or change in energy and change in time

What does the following formula find?

P_{inst}=f_{||i}v=Fvcos\theta

Instantaneous power from force and velocity

What are the SI units of power? What is it equivalent to?

Watt

W={\frac{J}{s}}=\frac{N\cdot m}{s}={\frac{kg\cdot m^2}{s^{^3}}}

What does the following formula find?

\overrightarrow{p}=m\overrightarrow{v}

Linear momentum form mass and velocity

What are the units of momentum?

\frac{\operatorname{kg}\cdot m}{s}

What does the following forcmula find?

F_{net}=\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{p}}{\Delta t}=m\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{v}}{\Delta t}=m\overrightarrow{a}

Net force from momentum and time

What does the slope of the momentum vs time graph tell us?

Force

What does the following formula find?

\overrightarrow{J}=\overrightarrow{F}_{avg}\Delta t=\Delta\overrightarrow{p}

Impulse from average force and time, aka change in momentum.

What does the area under the force vs time graph tell us?

Impulse or change in momentum

What are the units of impulse?

\frac {kg \cdot m}{s}

What does the following formula find?

\overrightarrow{v}_{cm}=\frac{\Sigma\overrightarrow{p}_{i}}{\Sigma m_{i}}=\frac{\Sigma m_{i}\overrightarrow{v}_{i}}{\Sigma m_{i}}

Velocity of the center of mass from sum of momentums and sum of masses

What does the conservation of momentum say?

In the absence of external forces, the total momentum is conserved.

What is conserved in an inelastic collision?

Momentum only

What is conserved in a perfectly inelastic collision?

Momentum only

What makes perfectly inelastic collisions different than inelastic collisions?

Perfectly inelastic collisions stick together after a collision.

What is conserved in an elastic collision?

Energy and momentum

What makes inelastic collisions different than elastic collisions?

Elastic collisions do not deform the object in the collision

What is the formula for angular displacement?

\Delta\overrightarrow{\theta}=\theta-\theta_0

What is the formula for average angular velocity?

\overrightarrow{\omega}_{avg}=\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{\theta}}{\Delta t}

What is the formula for average angular acceleration?

\overrightarrow{{\alpha}}_{avg}=\frac{\Delta\overrightarrow{\omega}}{\Delta t}

What are the SI units of angular displacement?

Radians

What is missing from each angular kinematics equation that makes it useful?

\omega=\omega_{0}+\alpha t

\theta=\theta_0+\omega_0t+\frac{1}{2}\alpha t^2

\omega^2=\omega_0^2+2\alpha(\theta-\theta_{0})

\omega=\omega_{0}+\alpha t No angular position

\theta=\theta_0+\omega_0t+\frac{1}{2}\alpha t^2 No final angular velocity

\omega^2=\omega_0^2+2\alpha(\theta-\theta_{0}) No time

What does the slope of the angular position time graph tell us?

Angular velocity

What does the slope of the angular velocity time graph tell us?

Angular acceleration

What does the area under the graph of angular velocity time tell us?

Angular displacement = Change in angular position

What does the area under the graph of angular acceleration time tell us?

Change in angular velocity

What is the formula for arc length?

s=r\theta

What does the following formula find?

v=r\omega

Linear velocity from the radius and angular velocity

What does the following formula find?

a_{T}=r\alpha

Tangential acceleration from radius and angular acceleration.

What does the following formula find?

\tau=rF_{\bot}=rFsin\theta

Torque from radius and the force perpendicular to the radius.

What does rotational inertia measure?

A rigid systems resistance to change in rotational motion

What does the following formula find?

I=\Sigma m_{i}r^{2}_{i}

The rotational inertia from mass and radius.

When do we use the parallel axis theorem below?

I’=I_{cm}+Md²

This allows us to find a systems rotational inertia when the axis of rotation does not go through the center of mass.

When does mechanical equilibrium occur?

When there is both

Rotational equilibrium: \Sigma\tau=0

And

Translational equilibrium: \Sigma F=0

What does the following formula find?

\alpha_{sys}=\frac{\Sigma \tau}{I_{sys}}=\frac{\tau_{net}}{I_{sys}}

Angular acceleration of a system from net torque and the system rotational inertia.

What does the following formula find?

K=\frac{1}{2} I \omega^2

Kinetic energy of a rotating system fromt the rotational inertia and angular velocity.

What makes up the total kinetic energy?

Translational kinetic energy and rotational kinetic energy.

What is included in the work energy theorem for non-conservative forces?

Work done by non-conservative forces is equal to the change in total kinetic energy and the change in potential energy of gravity and springs.

What does the following formula find?

W=\tau \Delta \theta

Work done by rotational motion from torque and change in angular position.

What does the area under the graph of torque as a function of angular position tell us?

Work done by circular motion. OR Change in energy.

What does the following formula find?

L=I\omega

Angular momentum from rotational inertia and angular velocity.

What does the following formula find?

L=rmv sin\theta

Angular momentum from linear measurements of radius, mass, velocity, and the angle between radius and velocity.

What is angular impulse?

Change in angular momentum

\Delta L=L-L_{0}

What does the following formula find?

\Delta L =\tau \Delta t

Angular impulse/change in angular momentum from torque and change in time.

What does the slope of the graph of angular momentum as a function of time tell us?

Torque

What does the area under the graph of torque as a

function of time tell us?

Angular impulse OR change in angular momentum.

If net torque is zero what does this tell us about

momentum?

Momentum is constant.

What does the following formula find?

x_{cm} = r\Delta \theta

Position of the center of mass in a rolling object from the

radius and change in angular position.

What stays constant in circular orbits?

Total mechanical energy, gravitational potential energy, angular momentum, and kinetic energy

What stays constant in elliptical orbits?

Total mechanical energy and angular momentum.

What changes in elliptical orbits?

Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy.

What is the formula for escape velocity?

v_{esc}=\sqrt{\frac{2Gm}{r}}

When do we have simple harmonic motion?

When ma_{x}=-k\Delta x

What does the following formula find?

T=\frac{1}f

Period based on frequency

What are the units of frequency?

Hertz Hz=s^{-1}=\frac1{s}

What does the following formula find?

T_{s}=2\pi \sqrt {{\frac{m}{k}}}

Period of a spring oscillator from mass and spring constant.

What does the following formula find?

T_{p}=2\pi\sqrt{\frac{l]}{g}}

Period of a pendulum from length of pendulum and

gravity.

What does the following formulas find?

What does the following formula find?