Study guide #5

What is the bifidus factor?

•  A factor in colostrum and breast milk that favors the growth in the infant’s intestinal tract of the “friendly” bacteria Lactobacillus bifidus so that other, less desirable intestinal inhabitants will not flourish.

School lunches should provide a minimum of the DRI for children

• 1/3 of the DRI

Normal weight gain during pregnancy amounts to about ____ pounds.

• 25-35 pounds

Which foods can be added to an infant's diet for the prevention of iron-deficiency anemia?

• Spinach, pureed meat and poultry, fortified infant cereals, fish

What is colostrum?

• A milk-like secretion from the breast, rich in protective factors, present during the first day or so after delivery and before milk appears.

To lower the risk of neural tube birth defects, women are advised to consume

• folate

What is the most potent single indicator of an infant's future health status

Birth weight

The nutrients which should to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet are

Iron fortified cereal, pureed fruits and vegetables

Foods should be introduced to an infant one at a time because

To detect food allergies

As aging progresses, skin becomes less able to synthesize which vitamin

Vitamin D

By which age has a baby usually tripled its birth weight

1 year

Which diseases are nutrition-responsive diseases

Overweight and obesity, iron-deficiency anemia and high blood cholesterol

As of 1999, which types of foods were fortified with folate to reduce neural tube defects

Bread, pasta, rice, and cereal

Which foods enhance the absorption of iron

Citrus fruits, berries, vegetables and animal-based foods.

The FDA ranks which concern with respect to food safety at the highest level

Bacteria/Food borne illnesses

Additives in foods are used to

Add nutrients, color, spices and herbs

The process of altering foods through genetic manipulation is called

GMO

What strategies can be adopted by consumers in order to keep pesticide residues to a minimum

• Rinse produce thoroughly for at least 10 seconds and scrubbed with vegetable brush

• Discard outer leaves of lettuce, cabbage and other leafy vegetables

• Use a knife to peel an orange or grapefruit

• Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables

Which microbial pathogen is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness in the United States

• Noroviruses

The ideal pesticide is one that

• Targets specific pests

• Safe for humans and animals

• Degrades quickly

• Has low environmental impact

Which type of meat is especially susceptible to bacterial contamination

Poultry

The major cause of food insecurity is

poverty

Most E. coli outbreaks have been linked to

Undercooked raw beef

Which substance is a powerful liver toxin and carcinogen produced by some molds

Aflatoxin

The green substance that accumulates just beneath the potato's skin is called

Solanine

What are some concerns with herbal remedies

• More expensive + tends to spoil faster

• May be cross contaminated with pesticides from nearby fields

• May be fertilized with improperly composted manure 

Why are pesticides used

• To prevent or eliminate pest damage

What is food irradiation

• The process of exposing a substance to low doses of radiation, using gamma rays, x-ray or electricity to kill insects, bacteria and other potentially harmful microorganisms. 

Which type of foodborne illness may be transmitted by improperly canned foods

Botulism

A low birthweight baby is defined as weighing how many pounds at birth

• 5 ½ or less

Most of the cravings of a pregnant woman are caused by

Hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy

Breast milk contains powerful agents against

Infections and illnesses

Weight gain should be lowest during which term of pregnancy?

First trimester

A child may become anemic by drinking too much

Cow’s milk

Cow's milk should be introduced into the infant's diet after what age?

1 year

Do canned foods have an infinite shelf-life?

No but it can last for years

Honey can cause what type of poisoning in children

botulism

What is Integrated pest management?

• A science-based approach to managing pests that uses a combination of methods to reduce the need for pesticides

How is Soil erosion affecting the world's ability to continue feeding itself?

• Makes land less productive for agriculture, creates new deserts, pollutes waterways and can alter how water flows through the landscape, potentially making flooding more common.

Eating raw shellfish puts a person at risk for what type of poisoning

Hepatitis A