Applied Networking Flashcards

Flashcards about Applied Networking based on lecture notes.

What is a MAC Address?

A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique 48-bit hexadecimal identifier hard-coded into a Network Interface Card (NIC) by the manufacturer. It is used for identifying devices on a network at the data link layer and remains constant regardless of network changes.

What is an IP Address?

An address assigned to a network device by a network administrator or DHCP server, which can change depending on the network.

What is the format of an IPv4 address?

A 32-bit numerical address written in dotted decimal format, consisting of four octets (bytes) separated by periods (e.g., 192.168.1.1). Each octet represents a decimal value between 0 and 255.

What is the format of an IPv6 address?

An IPv6 address is a 128-bit address written in hexadecimal format, represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal digits, separated by colons (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). It supports a vastly larger address space compared to IPv4 and includes features like stateless address autoconfiguration and built-in security.

What happens to a laptop's MAC and IP address when moved from LAN1 to LAN2?

It keeps its MAC address but obtains a new IP address.

What command is used to display IP addresses and MAC addresses on Windows?

ipconfig /all

How is an IPv4 address divided?

Divided into a network portion and a host portion.

What is the purpose of a subnet mask?

It helps devices identify their network.

How does routing work based on network?

If the destination is on the same network, data is sent directly; if on a different network, data is sent to the router.

What are the IPv6 address compression rules?

Omit leading zeros and use :: for consecutive zeros (only once).

What information is manually assigned in static addressing?

IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server(s).

What information does a DHCP server assign in dynamic addressing?

IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS info.

What are the advantages of DHCP?

Easier setup and prevents duplicate addresses.

What does the DNS (Domain Name System) do?

Resolves domain names to IP addresses.

What are common DNS record types?

A, AAAA, MX, and TXT.

What are anti-spam TXT records and their purposes?

SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.

What is the 4-step process of DHCP operation?

DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST, and DHCPACK.

What does the ARP check do in DHCP operation?

Ensures no IP conflict.

What are IP address leases?

IPs are temporary and clients must renew them.

What are DHCP reservations?

IPs can be permanently tied to MAC addresses.

What is a VLAN (Virtual LAN)?

Logical segmentation of a network.

What are the benefits of VLANs?

Increased security, better traffic management, and flexibility.

What is the default VLAN ID?

1

What is the IPv4 Link-Local (APIPA) range?

169.254.0.0/16

When is IPv4 Link-Local (APIPA) used?

Used when DHCP is unavailable.

What is the IPv6 Link-Local range?

fe80::/10

When is IPv6 Link-Local used?

Used for communication within the local network.