Quantum Model of Atoms - CHM 30 Chapter 7

A comprehensive set of vocabulary flashcards based on the concepts from the Quantum Model of Atoms lecture, covering key terms and definitions relevant to chemistry.

Photon

A quantum of electromagnetic radiation, can be considered as a wave packet.

Frequency (ν)

The number of crests of a wave passing a stationary point per unit of time, measured in Hertz (Hz).

Wavelength (λ)

The distance from crest to crest or trough to trough in a wave.

Amplitude

The height of the crest or depth of the trough of a wave.

Photoelectric Effect

The phenomenon of light striking a metal surface and producing an electric current.

Threshold frequency (ν0)

The minimum frequency of light required to eject electrons from a metal surface.

Work Function (φ)

The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of a metal.

Bohr Model

A model of the hydrogen atom where electrons orbit the nucleus in discrete energy levels.

Quantum Numbers

Numbers that describe the properties of atomic orbitals and the electrons in those orbitals.

Core Electrons

Electrons in the orbitals closest to the nucleus, tightly bound.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level; they participate in chemical bonding.

Ionization Energy

The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of ground state atoms or ions.

De Broglie Wavelength

The wavelength associated with a particle in motion, given by the equation λ = h/mv.

Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle

The principle stating that it's impossible to simultaneously know the exact position and momentum of an electron.

Schrödinger Wave Equation

Mathematical equations developed to describe the behavior of electron waves in quantum mechanics.

Electron Configuration

A way to write the distribution of electrons among orbitals of an atom or ion.

Isoelectronic Series

Atoms or ions that have the same electron configuration, but different charges.

Zeff (Effective Nuclear Charge)

The net positive charge experienced by an electron in a multi-electron atom.

Red-Shift and Blue-Shift

Changes in the wavelength of light due to the motion of the light source; red-shift indicates moving away, blue-shift indicates moving closer.

Atomic Emission Spectrum

A series of bright lines produced by high-temperature atoms that can be separated into their component wavelengths.