ANSC 102 Exam #2

scientific name for pigs

scientific name for pigs

Porcine

scientific name for cows

Bovine

naturally hornless bovine

Polled

Bovine gestation period

283 days

Intact male pig

Boar

female pig after farrowing

sow

young female pig that has not farrowed

gilt

castrated male pig

barrow

Porcine gestation period

113 days (3 months, 3 weeks, 3 days)

Which country produces the most pork?

China: 50% of worlds total production

China uses _______ to raise pigs with less land usage

Pig apartments

Major cost of raising livestock

feed

42 percent of corn goes to making what?

ethanol

difficult or long labor

Dystocia

female calf born twin to a bull calf

Freemartin

bovine "Continental Breeds" originated in Europe and Britain

Bos Taurus

bovine "Zebu" originated in India

Bos Indicus

What is the min and max time semen should be placed in the water bath

Min- 4o sec. Max- 15 min

Max number of semen straws placed in the water bath

4

Average amount of piglets per sows litter

11

BCS

body condition score

idea BCS for most beef cattle

5

Why is important to have no right angles when working with cattle?

They are scared of the angles as they cant see whats in front of them

When does calving typically happen

spring

What is a mound?

areas particularly in feedlots, to provide a dry spot for the animals to lie down

Where TMR is mixed for cattle and delivered to the feed bunks

Feed Wagon

TMR

Total Mixed Ration (All feeds mixed together to assure consistent intake of ration as balanced)

A pocket completely around the cervical opening you might hit when trying to AI

fornix

AI

artificial insemination

Piglet weight at birth

2-3 lbs

Market weight: porcine

280 lbs

Nursery stage length of pigs

7 weeks

giving birth to pigs

Farrowing

giving birth to cattle

calving

Biosecurity goal

To keep disease-causing organisms from entering or leaving a place where they could pose a risk

Conceptual Biosecurity

relates to the location, geospatial siting, and orientation of the facility. It also includes the scope and size of animal production units and complexes.

Structural Biosecurity

Fenced farm, screened houses, water source, showers, dead bird disposal, feed storage and disinfection equipment

Procedural Biosecurity

standard operating procedures, employee training, clear rules for the operation, quarantine protocols

Types of beef cattle at the ASREC

Simmental and Angus

Why is AI commonly used over natural insemination?

Safety, genetic diversity, quickness, and cost efficiency

Controlled internal drug release (CIDR)

an intravaginal progesterone insert used in conjunction with hormones to synchronize estrus

Which animal has he longest ejaculation time and highest sperm quantity?

pocrine

Average estrous cycle length

21 days (18-24 days)

How many pigs per sow per year?

26

How many pigs born per week?

1/2 of the total amount of sows

area immediately surrounding the farm that is most dangerous

Hot zone

The area located between the hot zone and the cold zone where decontamination occurs

warm zone

Letting the disinfectant sit, most frequently missed step

Contact time

a functional line separating the animals inside the building from exposure to potential disease sources

Line of separation (LOS)

Why are ear notches used in pigs?

identification

Newborn processing

dock tails, clip eye teeth, castrate males, iron and b-12 shot

Ingredient that is deficient in milk

Iron

DDGs

Dried distillers grains

Where are most finished market hogs sold to?

large pork processing plants

What should be included in a biosecurity plan?

sit information, employee training, sanitation steps, vehicle traffic, management, manure plan, deadstock removal, feed, rodents and pest control

PPE

personal protective equipment

ADG

Average Daily Gain

ADFI

average daily feed intake

How much do growing pigs weight

45-155lbs

the term to refer to the number of litters a sow has had

Parity

All in/all out system?

a system where one area (pen, room, barn) is cleaned out entirely before refilling with animals

Lower Critical Temperature (LCT)

cold temperatures, consumes more food, apply measures to keep warm, greater potential for disease outbreaks

Do pigs have sweat glands?

Yes, but they are only functional on their nose

Upper critical temperature

suppress feed intake, reduces growth, sows make less milk, apply measures to keep cool

Thermal Neutral Zone

optimizes productions, animal is most comfortable

As animals get larger, neutral zone temperatures _____________

decrease

Nucleus section of pig production

where you will find purebred pigs that are selected for specific traits.These will be where sire and dam lines are started. This is where boars and replacement gilts for the multiplier herds will be generated

Multiplier pig herd

where pigs from the nucleus level will be crossbred toproduce the parent gilts and boars. This is where crossbreeding takes place to produce specific crossbred females or specific sire traits

Commercial pig herd

crossbred gilts and boars will be bred to produce offspring to be used for market. This is where piglet production will take place with specific crossbreeds that will maximize heterosis

houses pigs following the nursery period until they are ready to be marketed

Grow-Finish farm

houses pigs from weaning to market

Wean-Finish Farm

EPD

expected progeny difference

How is pig castration different?

They don't have pendular testes so a scalpel cuts the skin on the scrotum. Then the person pulls the testes away from the body or "pops" them out. You want to make the slits as small as possible so they can heal faster. Then they cut the spermatic cord. Afterwards, the open wound is typically sprayed with a disinfectant such as iodine or topical lidocaine

moving pigs from one nursing sow to another to even up litter size

Cross Foster

A type of farming that maximizes production whilst minimizing associated costs. This includes zero grazing, antibiotic treatments and harvesting animals before adulthood.

Intensive Livestock production

A type of farming that has more land and less animals and less labor and resources are needed

Extensive Livestock production

Modified Live Vaccine (MLV)

contain living organisms that have been altered to reduce the virulence of the disease-causing pathogen

Killed Vaccine

manufactured from dead pathogens of a disease and placed into the animal's body in an inactive form

Why are the branding letters I, S, and O avoided?

They look similar to numbers such as 5, 0 and 1

The area surrounding an animal that will cause alarm and escape behavior when encroached upon.

Flight zone

-had the idea of no corner pathways
-most respected animal handling and welfare expert
-a major triumph story for autism

Temple Grandin

Efficiency vs Sustainability

Efficiency is about doing more with less, while sustainability is about using resources to meet the needs of the present without compromising the future

Animal behavior is defined as

An action, activity, or process which can be observed and measured, and which is generally initiated by an external or internal stimulus

scientific study of animal behavior

ethology

learned behavior that involves thinking, reasoning, and information processing

cognitive behavior

how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment is called…

fitness

Ethological Approach

Understand natural behavior in the wild specifically considering the behaviors' adaptive value (Observation of behaviors)

Experiential Approach

Understand that behavior is acquired from early experience or learning (Behavior studied by manipulating variables in a controlled environment)

one of the founder of modern ethology; best known for his use of models in naturalistic settings - most famous for experiments involving stickleback fish and herring gull chicks

Nikolaas Tinbergen

What is the cause of the behavior? What stimuli elicit the behavior? What signals/pathways are involved?

Causation

How does the behavior change?-Within individual depending on experience, environment, age

Ontogeny

How did evolution contribute to the behavior?-Usually examined through comparative studies of related species

Phylogeny

what is the function of this behavior?-survival value; why did this species evolve this behavior?

Adaptation

What is the four Tinbergen question acronym?

COPA

application of the body of knowledge about behavior to practical problems and situations

Applied animal behavior

List the 5 freedoms

Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutrition, freedom from discomfort and exposure, freedom from pain, injury, and disease, freedom from fear and distress, freedom to express normal behavior

Animal welfare is a combination of _____ and _____

scientific evidence and our society's core values

A choice; first choice; something preferred (this or that)

preference

a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior (how much)

motivation

a plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market

feedlot