1979

final

tectonic plate consists of

both continental and oceanic crust

Wegner thought that all the continents were once together in one large continent called

Pangaea

New oceanic lithosphere forms as a result of

sea floor spreading

evidence for sea-floor spreading has come from

magnetic minerals on the ocean floor

a possible result of plates moving along a transform boundary is

earthquakes

what is the outermost layer of the earth called?

lithosphere

What is the area where two tectonic plates meet called?

a boundary

what type of boundary is formed when plates collide

convergent

what type of boundary is formed when plates separate

divergent

what type of boundary is formed when plates slide past each other

transform

which of these did not provide evidence for continental drift (seafloor spreading, the fossil record, oceanic plate theory, or magnetic reversals?)

oceanic plate theory

this geographic feature(are forming) at the convergent boundary between the Indo-australian plate and the Eurasian plate

Himalayan Mts

Where does seafloor spreading take place

mid-ocean ridges

what does the theory of continental drift explain?

why continents move

this geographic feature formed (are forming) at the convergent boundary between the Nazca Plate and the South American plate

Andes Mt

who is credited with the discovery of seafloor spreading

Harry Hess

What is it called when Earth's magnetic poles change places

magnetic reversal

What can tectonic plates form when they converge?

mountains

the southern part of Pangea that broke apart 180 million years ago is known as

Gondwana

Magnetic reversals are preserved in

magnetic minerals

magnetic reversals have helped support

seafloor spreading

continental-oceanic collisions can also be called

subduction zones

mid-ocean ridges are the most common type of

divergent boundary

The San Andreas fault is an example of

transform boundary

4 pieces of evidence that Wegener used to support his theory of continental drift

1. Coal

2. Fossils

3. Mountains

4. Fit

5. Glacials

Why didn't scientist, at the time, believe Wegener's theory?

because he didn't know how the continents moved

Three types of boundaries

divergent, convergent, transform

what type of boundary is

divergent

what type of boundary is -> <-

convergent

what type of boundary is <-

->

transform

when an oceanic plate and a continental plate meet at a convergent plate boundary, what can be found along the edge of the boundary

subduction zones

make sure you know plate tectonics

:)

defines a "species as set of individuals that can reproduce their own kind"

John Ray

person responsible for human being known as Homo sapiens

Carolus Linnaeus

developed modern Cell Theory

Rudolph Virchow

Ends the idea of spontaneous generation, shows that heat can be used to stop the spread of disease and invents vaccinations

Louis Pasteur

Cell typically found in larger organisms, includes plant and animal cells

Eukaryote

A membrane bound sac evolved to store the cells's chromosomes (DNA) like the boss of the factory

nucleus

classifies all known organisms as either a plant or an animal. He writes that living things can rise spontaneously from non-living matter.

aristotle

huge water filled sac, like a broom closet in a factory

lysosomes

first to consider the nucleus as a regular part of a living cell

robert brown

converts solar energy into food energy, like a solar panel in a factory

chloroplasts

using an early microscope, is the first to identify "cells" in the bark of a cork tree

robert hooke

"all animals are made of cells"

Theodor Schwann

mini "organs" that have unique structures and functions

organelles

sacs filled with digestive enzymes, help to break down waste molecules like a janitor in a factory

lysosomes

conducts experiments to prove that maggots do not appear in meat if flies cannot land on it

francesco redi

simple cell, typically consisting of a capsule, a cell wall, and a cell membrane

prokaryote

makes the cells energy, like the power-plant of a factory

mitochondrion

"all plants are made of cells"

Matthias Schleiden

reports being able to see tiny "beasties" using a simple single-lens microscope

anton van leeuwenhoek

delicate lipid and protein skin around the cytoplasm, that provides structure and protection for the cell, like a security guard at a factory

cell membrane

"The cell is the basic unit of life"

Alexander Carl Heinrich Braun

Metaphase

Telophase

anaphase

cytokinesis

name two organelles that a plant cell has, but an animal cell does not

cell wall, chloroplast, one large vacuole

What is the modern cell theory?

1. All cells come from preexisting cells

2. Cells are the basic unit of structure

3. All organisms are made of one or more cells

List the "Organization of Living Things" starting with the smallest unit and moving up to the largest

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Using Aristotle Classification system, what would the scientific name for humans be?

animal

Explain the process of spontaneous generation, and provide an example.

when living things arise spontaneously from non-living matter ex. maggots coming from meat in Francesco Redi's experiment

main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

present or lack of nucleus

four reasons cells divide

repair replace, growth. reproduce

name of cell that's undergo mitosis

somatic

Taxonomy of Living Things from largest to smallest

Domain, Kingdom, Phlus, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

liquid layer of the center of the earth, made mostly of iron

outer core

the layer of the Earth that is less then 1 percent of the Earths mass is the

crust

this layer of the earth is ,add up of the crust and upper rigid part of the mantle

lithosphere

flexible layer of the earth that's made of solid rock that moves slowly

asthenosphere

continental crust is ___________dense than oceanic crust

less

the ______ which is caused by the spinning of the Earth's core, protects Earth from cosmic rays and changes particles from the sun

magnetic field

melted rock that is on surface of the earth

lava

minerals must be

solid, naturally occurring, and inorganic

an object or substance is considered _______ if it is made from the remains of once living things

organic

color or of mineals powder

streak

how light reflects off from a minerals surface

luster

when a mineral spilts easily along a flat surface

cleavage

hardest mineral

diamond

rock that forms from cooling magma/lava

igneous rock

rock that forms from other rocks that are changed by intense heat and pressure

metamorphic

formed from small pieces of sand/stone

sedimentary

naturally occurring solid mixture composed of minerals, smaller rock fragments, organic matter, or glass

rock

series of process that forms sedimentary rocks

erosion, deposition, compaction, cementation

when running water, wind, or ice loosen and carry away fragments of rock

erosion

process by which sediments settle out the water or wind carrying it

deposition

what types of rocks can change into metamorphic

sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic

when lava cools and crystallizes on the Earth's surface, the rock that is formed is called

extrusive

make sure you know the rock cycle!

:)

what helped earth become a sphere

gravity

True or False?

Erosion occurs when weathered material is moved from one place or another

true

____________ occurs when water or wind slows down and drops the materials it has been carrying

deposition