BIOL145 First exam/quiz review

What is Covalent Bonding?

Electron Sharing

A covalent bond that has an unequal sharing of electrons is called a _____ covalent bond.

Polar

A covalent bond that has an equal sharing of electrons is called a ___________ covalent bond.

Nonpolar

Any covalent bond between atoms of different elements is a _______ bond.

Polar

What is polarity?

The uneven distribution of electric charge within a molecule or bond (creating positively and negatively charged regions)

What are Ionic Bonds?

Electrons that are transferred instead of shared

The polarity of a covalent bond can be judged by determining the _________ in the electronegativities.

Difference

If the difference in electronegativities is less than about 0.4, the bond is ________.

Non Polar

If the difference in electronegativities is greater than about 0.4, the bond is ________.

Polar

If the difference in electronegativities is greater than 1.8, the compound is considered ______ rather than covalent.

Ionic

What is the electronegativity difference and polarity type between Carbon and Hydrogen?

0.4 and Nonpolar

What is the electronegativity difference and polarity type between Hydrogen and Hydrogen?

-2.1 or 0 and Nonpolar

What is the electronegativity difference and polarity type between Sodium and Chlorine?

2.1 and Ionic

What is the electronegativity difference and polarity type between Oxygen and Hydrogen?

1.4 and Polar

What are the three parts of an atom?

Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons

What is the charge of an electron?

Negative

Where is the location of an electron?

Orbital shell

What is the mass of an electron?

≈ 0

What is the mass of a Proton?

≈ 1

What is the mass of a Neutron?

≈ 1

What is the charge of a proton?

Positive

Where is a Proton located?

In the Nucleus

What is the charge of a Neutron?

Neutral/ no charge

Where is a Neutron located?

In the Nucleus

How are chemical properties determined?

By the number of outer shell electrons

What is a hydrogen bond?

a weak electrostatic attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom of one molecule and a nearby partially negative atom (like oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine)

What does Ante stand for?

Before

If you are standing on your head, is your nose superior or inferior to your mouth?

Superior to mouth

If an abrasion is located on your brachial and a cut is located on your antebrachial, what position is the abrasion related to the cut?

The abrasion is proximal to the cut

What does Anterior refer to?

Front of body

What does posterior refer to?

Back of body

What does Lateral refer to?

describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

What does Medial refer to?

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

What does the Sagittal Plane refer to?

vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

What does the Midsagittal plane refer to?

also called the median plane, is a vertical plane that divides the body into two perfectly equal right and left halves

What does the Coronal Plane refer to?

a vertical anatomical plane that divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections

What does the Transverse plane refer to?

also called the horizontal or axial plane, is a horizontal line that divides the body into top and bottom halves

What does a Cross Section refer to?

provides a two-dimensional view of an object's internal structures by slicing through it, typically in a horizontal transverse plane

What does an oblique section refer to?

a slice or cut through a body or organ made at an angle that is neither purely horizontal (transverse) nor purely vertical (sagittal or coronal)

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the first region pictured?

Right hypochondriac region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the second region pictured?

Epigastric region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the third region pictured?

Left hypochondriac region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the fourth region pictured?

Right lumbar region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the fifth region pictured?

Umbilical Region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the sixth section pictured?

Left lumbar region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the seventh section pictured?

Right Iliac region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the eighth section pictured?

Hypogastric region

In the abdominal regions, what is the name of the ninth section pictured?

Left iliac region

In the abdominal quadrants, what is the name of the first quadrant pictured?

Right upper quadrant (RUQ)

In the abdominal quadrants, what is the name of the second quadrant pictured?

Left upper quadrant (LUQ)

In the abdominal quadrants, what is the name of the third quadrant pictured?

Right lower quadrant (RLQ)

In the abdominal quadrants, what is the name of the fourth quadrant pictured?

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

What term is the chin referred to as?

Mental region

What term are the eyes referred to as?

Orbital/Ocular region

What term is the nose referred to as?

Nasal region

What term is the back of the head referred to as?

Occipital region

What term is the ear referred to as?

Otic region

What term is the mouth referred to as?

Oral region

What term are the facial cheeks referred to as?

Buccal region

What term is the head referred to as?

Cephalic region

What term is the forehead referred to as?

Frontal region

What term is the neck referred to as?

Cervical region

What body region is shown in the picture? (is between the lumbar and the gluteal regions)

Sacral

What does the Axillary region refer to?

Arm Pits

What does the Brachial region refer to?

Upper arm

What does the Antecubital region refer to?

Front (anterior side) of the elbow

What does the Cubital region refer to?

Elbow/ a triangular space on the front of the elbow

What does the Antebrachial region refer to?

Forearm

What does the Carpal region refer to?

Wrist

What does the Palmar region refer to?

Palm

What does the Dorsal region refer to in the manual region?

Back of hands

What does the Digital region refer to in the manual region?

Fingers

What does the dorsal region refer to in the pedal region?

Top of the foot

What does the Plantar region refer to in the pedal region?

Bottom of the foot

What does the Digital region refer to in the pedal region?

Toes

What does the mammary region refer to in the trunk region?

Breasts

What does the Abdominal region refer to in the trunk region?

Abdomen

What does proximal refer to in relative positions?

Away from or higher(only used in upper and lower appendages)

What does Distal refer to in relative positions?

Going towards or lower (only used for upper and lower appendages)

What regions are Distal and Proximal positions used in?

Only upper and lower appendages (arms and legs)

What does the relative position Superior refer to?

a position above or higher than another part of the body

What does the relative position Inferior refer to?

a position below or lower than another part of the body

What does the term "Hypo" refer to?

Under

What does the term "Epi" refer to?

Upon

What does the term "Gastric" refer to?

Stomach

What does the Parasagittal plane refer to?

a vertical plane that runs parallel to the median plane, dividing the body into unequal left and right portions

What is the term for the bottom of foot region?

Plantar of pedal region

What is the term for the top of foot region?

Dorsal of pedal region

What is the term for the back of hand region?

Dorsal of manual region

What is the term for the finger region on hands?

The digital of manual region

What is the term for toes in the foot region?

The digital of pedal region

What is the term for front of hands or palm region?

The palmar of manual region

What does the Iguinal region refer to?

Where the trunk meets the thighs

What does the Acromial region refer to?

the highest part of the shoulder (shoulder blade)

What does the Coxal region refer to?

The Hip

What does the Gluteal region refer to?

The buttocks

What does the Femoral region refer to?

The thigh

What does the Patellar region refer to?

The knee

What does the popliteal region refer to?

back of knee, a diamond-shaped depression behind the knee

What does the crural region refer to?

The lower leg (knee, and distal towards the pedal)