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pH can also affect the ____________ of enzymes.
functioning
At a pH of __, a substrate ___________ itself to the enzyme via two ______ bonds. because of this the reaction favors ________ formation.
7, attaches, ionic, product
if the pH is _______ than 7 the bond will ______, COO- picks up +and ionic bond with substrate ________ form
lower, suffer, H+, cannot
If the pH is _______ than 7 the protein will _____ H+ and an ionic bond with a ___________ cannot form. The protein will then start to _________ and interfer with other interactions.
higher, lose, substrate, denature
Each part of your body had a different optomum that it needs to make ________.
pH, products
Enzymes lower __________ energy by bringing ________ together in ________ orientations, which can make reactions _____ likely to occur.
activation, reactants, precise, more
_______ fit is where both ________ and ________ undergo dynamic conformational changes upon ________.
induced, enzymes, substrate, binding
When an enzyme under goes ________ fit the enzyme ________ the substrate into its ________ state, ________ the rate of reaction.
induced, contorts, transition, increasing
____ of reaction is how ____ the substrate is turned to _______.
rate, fast, product
_________ _____ are influenced by factors such as the ______________ of substrates, enzymes, products, and the presence of inhibitors
reaction rates, concentrations
enzyme _________ rxns can show a ____bolic relationship between the rate of ________ and the concentration of ________. This is assuming the concentration stays the ______.
catalyzed, hyper, reaction, substrate, same.
____ substrate concentration causes steep ________ in rate of reaction.
low, increase
In a ____ substrate concentration the rate of product formation is _________ by the concentration of available ________.
low, limited, substrate
__________ substrate concentration causes the rate of __________ to ______off.
increased, reaction, level
with an _________ substrate concentration enzymes that are totally _______.
increased, saturated,
The rate of reaction reaches a maximum _______ _______ = maximum ________ (Vmax)
upper limit, velocity
rate of reactions __________ for increased substrate and/or enzyme _______________.
increase, concentrations.
for any given __________ concentration, there is a ______ for that concentration.
enzyme, Vmax
if you _________ the amount of _________, the graph increase
increase, enzymes
if you ___________ more __________ to make the product, you would make _____ product.
increase, substrate, more
Measuring Vmax in a ___ you would want to
keep everything _____.
add all reagents/buffers and enzymes _____.
Add ____________ when you are ready to read, - use plate reader and reat all at one!
lab, cold, first, substrate
The _____________ constant K_d measure the true _________ a ligand has for _________ to an enzyme
dissociation, affinity, binding
A ___ K_d value = high ________ for binding to a _________.
low, affinity, protein.
___ is the concentration of substrate which ________ the enzyme to achieve _____ Vmax
Km, permits, half
Km is a _________ for the enzyme
constant
Km is determined by the ____________ dissociation constant (___) and how _______ the enzyme-substrate complex is turned over into _________.
substrates, Kd, quickly, product
The ________ the ___ value for an enzyme and the lower the [S] range shows how the enzyme is ___________.
lower, Km, effective
A ____ value of ___ has a high affinity of the enzyme for the _________. The reaction then can reach ½ Vmax with a _______ substrate concentration
low, Km, substrate, lower
A _______ value for Km is often interpreted as a _____ affinity of the enzyme for the __________.
large, weak, substrate
_____ is important as a measure of the __________ maximum rate of the ________.
Vmax, potential, reaction
_________ maximum rate is the _____ at which a _________ will be converted to product once ________ to the enzyme
potential, rate, substrate, bound
by knowing ______, ____, and the in ______ substrate concentration, we can __________ the likely rate of the __________ under cellular conditions.
Vmax, Km, vivo, estimate, reaction.