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Land Preparation
Includes all steps necessary to make the soil ready for planting.
Plowing
A land preparation method that inverts and aerates the soil.
Harrowing
A process that follows plowing to break up clods and level the soil for planting.
Furrowing
The creation of shallow canals to plant seeds or seedlings.
Flooding in Lowland Preparation
Land is generally flooded before plowing and harrowing.
Field Capacity
Soil condition at which excess water has been fully drained.
Upland Tillage
Tillage performed when soil moisture is near field capacity.
Contour Plowing
Tillage done across the slope in gently sloping fields to reduce erosion.
Minimum Tillage
A method that combines several operations into one pass to minimize soil disturbance.
Soaking Time for Lowland
1-3 months depending on the amount of rainfall.
Characteristics of Ideal Paddy Soil
Should have small particles, low hydraulic conductivity, high bulk density, neutral pH, and be level.
Issues with Wet Soil Preparation
Can lead to increased power requirement, reduced work output, and destroyed soil structure.
Issues with Dry Soil Preparation
Can result in increased power requirement and likelihood of implement breakdown.
No Tillage
A form of land preparation that avoids plowing or harrowing.
Planting Distance
Should follow recommended distances based on species and growing conditions.
Furrows
Shallow canals of specified distances for planting seeds or seedlings.
Organic Matter Incorporation
An important benefit of land preparation to improve soil health.
Note 
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