Chapter 3 Tissue Membranes & The Integumentary System

Vocabulary flashcards covering Tissue Membranes, The Integumentary System, and Wound Healing from BIOL 234 lecture notes.

Tissue Membranes

Cover the body, made from epithelial tissue bound to connective tissue, line body cavities, cover viscera, and the body's external surface.

Mucous Membrane

A type of tissue membrane that is open to the external environment.

Serous Membrane

A type of tissue membrane that is not open to the external environment.

Cutaneous Membrane

A type of tissue membrane also known as the skin.

Synovial Membrane

A type of tissue membrane found in joints.

Integumentary System

Composed of the skin (cutaneous membrane) and its accessory tissues.

Functions of the Integumentary System

To protect from the external environment, prevent water loss/gain, mount immune defenses, excrete, absorb, make vitamin D3, regulate temperature, and detect tactile stimuli.

Epidermis

The superficial layer of the integument, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Dermis

The intermediate layer of the skin, composed of areolar (papillary) and dense connective tissue (reticular).

Hypodermis

The deepest layer, composed of areolar and adipose tissue, but not considered part of the integument.

Keratinocytes

Living cells found in the epidermis that produce keratin; basal cells are a type with regenerative capabilities.

Melanocytes

Cells in the stratum basale that produce melanin, which determines skin and hair color.

Tactile (Merkel) Cells

Cells in the stratum basale that release chemicals to stimulate nerve endings, detecting touch and pressure.

Epidermal Dendritic (Langerhans) Cells

Immune response cells found in the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis, containing keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells.

Stratum Spinosum

A layer of the epidermis containing mostly nondividing keratinocytes and epidermal dendritic cells.

Stratum Granulosum

A layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes begin keratinization and epidermal dendritic cells are present.

Stratum Lucidum

A translucent layer found only in thick skin, containing eledin (a translucent protein).

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of interlocking dead, keratinized cells, providing protection against abrasion and infection.

Papillary Layer

The superficial layer of the dermis, composed of areolar connective tissue; forms dermal papillae responsible for fingerprints.

Reticular Layer

The deeper layer of the dermis, composed of dense connective tissue.

Nails

Accessory tissue of the integumentary system found on the dorsal edges of fingers and toes, composed of layers of keratinized cells (nail plate) that protect digits and assist in grasping.

Hair

Accessory tissue of the integumentary system composed of keratinized cells, providing protection, heat retention, sensory reception, and visual identification.

Hair Follicle

An oblique tube surrounding the hair root from which hair grows.

Hair Bulb

The swelling at the base of the hair follicle containing the matrix and papilla, where living epithelial cells divide to produce new hair cells.

Arrector Pili

Smooth muscle attached to hair follicles that contracts to elevate hair, causing 'goosebumps'.

Wound Healing Process

Involves bleeding, blood clot formation, leukocyte cleaning, blood vessel regrowth, granulation tissue formation, epithelial regeneration, and connective tissue fibrosis (scar tissue).