Infectious Pneumonia by Species

Bovine respiratory disease complex

What is THE bovine disease?

Bovine respiratory disease complex, lung worms, fungal disease

What are some important differential diagnoses for bovine pneumonia?

enzootic pneumonia, shipping fever complex

What is bovine respiratory disease complex called in calves?

In adults?

BRSV, IBR, mycoplasma spp

What are the primary pathogens in calves with enzootic pneumonia?

PI3, IBR, BVD, BRSV

What are the primary pathogens in bovine shipping fever complex?

secondary pathogens

What is responsible for actually causing the lesions in a bovine host with pneumoina?

coccidiomycosis, nocardiosis

What are the types of fungus that would lead to pneumonia?

Transport, weaning, mixing of animals, weather change and/or handling of cattle.

.....STRESS

What are predisposing factors of bovine respiratory disease complex?

mannheimia hemolytica, pasteurella multocida

What are the secondary pathogens (bacterial specifically) in bovine shipping fever?

depression, fever over 104, loss of appetite

What are the general signs of bovine shipping fever?

coughing, rapid/labored breathing, nasal or ocular discharge

What are some respiratory signs of cows with shipping fever?

dark red to purple, fibrin, edema, interlobular edema, abscesses, rubbery to firm

Shipping fever lungs grossly: dorsal and caudal lung lobes are ____[color]____, and covered by _______ and ________. Lobes contain ___________ and ________ in both the airway and parenchyma. They are ___________ in texture.

equine influenza, rhinopneumonitis, equine viral arteritis

What are some important VIRAL equine differentials for pneumonia?

rhodococcus equi, streptococcus equi ssp equi, streptococcus zooepidemicus

What are some bacterial differentials for equine pneumonia?

rhodococcus equi

______________: causes pneumonia and enteritis in foals with pulmonary abscesses.

Streptococcus equi ssp. equi

________________________: causes strangles in foals and pharyngeal lymphadenitis.

streptococcus zooepidemicus

______________________: causes lower airway and pulmonary infection and pulmonary abscesses, bronchiectasis.

Equine rhinopneumonitis

______________________ is one the most common causes for respiratory disease

aerosolized virus

How is equine rhinopneumonitis infective?

EHV-1 and EHV-4

What causes equine rhinopneumonitis?

epithelial cells, lymph nodes, bloodstream

Equine rhinopneumonitis infects __________ in the respiratory tract, producing large amounts of virus. Immune cells carry the virus to ____________, where it replicates further, then moves to the ________________.

false: it becomes latent and is later infective after stressful triggers

true/false: EHV immediately causes damage after infection

small blood vessels in the spinal cord, pregnant uterus

What are the target organs for EHV-1?

H7N7, H3N8

What are the two equine influenza viruses we talked about here?

inhalation, epithelial cells, primary viral bronchointerstitial pneumonia

How is equine influenza infective?

The virus attaches to and propogates in the __________________ of the respiratory tract. Specifically, this causes a ____[type of pneumonia]_______.

cilia, mucociliary clearance, seconadry bacterial infection

Equine influenza causes scattered loss of cells and clumping of ___________, reducing _______________. This predisposes to _____________________.

Mild, self-limiting, fever, dry cough, inappetence

What are the clinical signs of equine influenza?

high morbidity and high mortality in foals, donkeys, and immunosuppressed horses

Why do we care about equine influenza so much of the disease is often mild and self-limiting?

Its super short lived

How effective is the vaccine induced immunity?

very hemorrhagic

What do the lungs look like in an animal with equine influenza?

soil, feces, inhalation, macrophages

Rhodococcus equi is ubiquitous in the ______ and ______

Exposure is via ________ followed by systemic spread and survivial in ____________.

phagosome/lysosome fusion, phagosome/lysosome fusion

Rhodococcus bacteria prevents __________ and promotes ___________________ to cause disease

all the bacteria living in the macrophages spreads really well

Rhodococcus often is very systemic... why?

pyogranulomas, embolic

The most characteristic feature of rhodococcus is distinct _________ interspersed throughout the lung, often in an ___________ pattern.

upper respiratory infections

Infectious canine pneumonia is often caused by the same pathogens that cause ________________________

Distemper, adenovirus (CAV-2), herpesvirus, Influenza

What are some viral differential diagnoses for canine pneumonia?

Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica

What are some bacterial differential diagnoses for canine pneumonia?

Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, Coccidiomycosis, Aspergillosis

What are some fungal differential diagnoses for canine pneumonia?

Toxoplasma, Paragonimus, and Oslerus.

What are some parasitic differential diagnoses for canine pneumonia?

true

true/false: for most viral and bacterial causes of pneumonia... annual vaccinations are gonna go a LONG way in preventing them.

paramyxovirus

What type of pneumonia is canine distemper virus?

respiratory lesions, diffuse interstitial pneumonia, anteriovental bronchopneumonia

_____________ lesions are part of the systemic infection of canine distemper, which leads to _____[type of pneumonia] with a secondary ____[type of pneumonia]_______

intracytoplasmic inclusions

What type of inclusions are associated with canine distemper?

secondary bacterial, toxoplasma gondii

__________ and ___________ infections are common with canine distemper virus

bronchointerstitial pneumonia

Canine Distemper with secondary bacterial infection is the classic example of a ____[type of pneumonia]______.

(she wants you to be able to describe the lesions associated with this type of pneumonia, as well as WHY they show up why they do... previous lecture stuff I believe)

Calicivirus

What are some viral differential diagnoses for feline pneumonia?

Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica .

What are some bacterial differential diagnoses for feline pneumonia?

Cryptococcosis

What are some fungal differential diagnoses for feline pneumonia?

Dirofilaria immitis. , Aelurostrongylus abstrusus., Paragonimus kellicotti, Toxoplasma gondii.

What are some parasitic differential diagnoses for feline pneumonia?