CF and ICU Tubes and lines

What is definition of CF and physiological cause?

• Proteins (CFTR) not working or produced

• CF is a disorder that damages mainly the lungs but other organs as well. It is an inherited disease passed from the parents to child, a parents may have a recessive gene (carry but no symptoms).

3 diagnoses techniques for cystic fibrosis?

• Sweat test (salt in sweat measured)

• Genetic testing

• Prenatal and newborn screening

What are some clinical signs of CF?

• Slow growth

• Frequent chest infections

• Persistent cough with thick mucous

• SOB and wheezing

• Weight loss and/or bowel trouble (b/c of dehydration)

• Infertility

What is cross infection of CF?

Cross infection in CF clients involve the transmission of harmful bacteria and fungi from one patient with CF to another patient with CF because they’re immunocompromised. Puts them at an increase risk of being resistant to antibiotics.

What role do OTAs play in treating a pt with CF?

• Meal planning

• Quality of life

• Education

• Energy conservation

What role do PTAs play in treating a pt with CF?

• Chest physio (percussion)

• Exercise planning

• Improve strength/endurance

• Postural exercises

• Breathing techniques

What are some precautions or possible concerns when dealing with patients with CF?

• Infection control, hygiene (washing hands, masking, PPE)

• Respiratory hygiene

• Dietary management

• Mental health (depression)

• Environmental hygiene

Steps taken during treatment for a patient with CF.

• Walking

• Breathing/huffing

• Coughing/expectorate

  brown/red mucus = bad

• Postural drainage/positioning

• Chest therapy/cupping

Location + importance of a cardiac heart monitor.

Left side of chest, records the heart’s rhythm and irregularities.

Location + importance of a pulse oximeter.

On fingertips, earlobes, or toes, it measures heart rate and oxygen saturation levels (normal 95+) in the blood.

Location + Importance of a swan - ganz catheter.

In the leg, it measures blood flow and real time data to diagnose and manage heart conditions.

Location + Importance of arterial lines.

Inserted into the radial artery in the wrist, monitors continuous blood pressure and blood sampling.

Location + Importance of a CVC (central venous cath).

Inserted in the large veins in the neck, chest, or groin. A long-term tool to deliver meds, fluids, nutrition or blood products near the heart.

Location + Importance of an IV line?

Typically placed in hand or forearm, inside of elbow. It is used to rapidly deliver fluids, meds, and nutrients directly into the bloodstream.

Location + importance of a chest tube.

Placed in the 4th and 5th ribs along the side of the body near the nipple line, it is used to remove air, blood, or fluid (like pus). Higher for air, lower for fluid.

Location + importance of a urinary catheter.

Inserted through the urethra or surgically through the abdominal wall. It is used to drain urine from the bladder.

Location + importance of an endotracheal tube?

Located mid-trachea, passes through mouth or nose and vocal cords, it is used to secure an open airway, deliver oxygen, and facilitate mechanical ventilation.

Location + importance of a ventilator?

Connects a tube in the nose/mouth, acts as an artificial breathing support, delivers oxygen.

Location + importance of a tracheotomy?

Below the Adam’s apple, front/lower part of the neck, bypassing upper airway obstructions, creating an opening in the neck for direct airway.

Where does a NG tube go?

In the nose, down the throat into the stomach.

Where does an OG tube go?

In the mouth, down the throat into the stomach to deliver nutrients, medications or decomposes the stomach.

Where is a PICC line located?

Large vein in your upper arm, bicep area.

Where is a dialysis catheter located?

Typically into a large vein in the neck, chest, or groin.

Where is an epidural/spinal located?

A needle into the back, specifically in lumbar region, to block pain signals.

Where is an IO (intraosseous) located?

In the bone marrow of a long bone (ex, tibia), acts as a rapid access site when IV isn’t possible.

List two rehab priorities for a child with CF?

• Airway clearance

• Breathing exercises

• Percussion

What is the purpose of a HFNC?

• Deliver and improve oxygen to lungs, and make breathing easier.

What should an RA do if a line or cath becomes taut during movement?

• Stop treatment

• Back track and untangle

• Call for help

What is the purpose of a chest tube?

• Drain fluid

• Removes air in lungs (so they can expand)

Should a chest tube drainage system be above or below chest level?

It needs to be below in order for gravity to let the fluid drain out and not back into the chest.