Old Testament Exam 4: Hebrew Poetry, Psalms, Lamentations, Song of Songs, Wisdom Literature, Proverbs, Job, Ecclesiastes, Ruth, Esther, Daniel
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68 Terms
parallelism, meter
What are the 2 characteristic features of Hebrew poetry?
the relationship between the ideas expressed within the phrases of a poetic line
What is parallelism?
synonymous—A repeated by B
antithetic—A contrasted by B
synthetic—A built upon by B
What are the 3 major types of parallelism?
3:3 most common, 2:2 intense emotion & urgency, 3:2 used in laments; inbalance in life caused by grief
Explain how meter/ rhythm impacted Hebrew poetry.
to accompany acts of worship in the temple
why were most of the psalms probably composed?
in imitation of the Pentateuch
Why is psalms divided into five sections?
Laments
What type of psalm appears most often in Psalms?
116
How many of the psalms have superscriptions/ annotations?
73
How many of the psalms contain the name “David” in their superscription?
Love poetry, a unified poem, a collection of about 25 lyric poems
The NOAB describes the content of Song of Songs as a collection of what?
it contains references to Solomons
Why is Song of Songs traditionally associated with Solomon?
an allegory of the love of Christ for his bride, the Church
How has Song of Songs been interpreted in Christian tradition?
YHWH
What significant name does not appear in Song of Songs?
communal laments over Jerusalem
What does Lamentations consist of?
Jeremiah
To whom is Lamentations traditionally ascribed?
they are alphabetic acrostics meaning each stanza starts with a new letter of the alphabet
What is distinctive about the first four of the five poems/chapters in Lamentations?
the destructions of Jerusalem- days of fasting and mourning - ninth of Ab
For what occasion was Lamentations composed?
the search for successful living
How can wisdom be simply defined?
practical—advice on living well or correctly and reflective—major issues of life & limitations of practical wisdom
What are the 2 types of wisdom literature in OT?
the fear of YHWH—faith factor
What is the key to wisdom according to the OT wisdom literature?
Book I - invitation of wisdom
Book II - a collection of misc maxims
Book III - a teacher’s admonitions to his pupil in training for responsibility
Book IV - a second collection of “Proverbs of Solomon”
What are the four main parts of Proverbs?
5
How many appendixes are attached to Proverbs?
10.1-22.16 and 25.1-29.27
Which parts of Proverbs are connected to Solomon?
Egypt
Book III of Proverbs shows similarities to the wisdom tradition of what other nation?
He was the most famous of all Israel’s wise ones, thought to be the originator of Israelite wisdom and author of all wisdom literature in Jewish tradition
why is proverbs traditionally associated with Solomon?
practical wisdom literature
Proverbs is an example of what type of wisdom literature?
a collection of the teachings of Israel’s wise ones
How can Proverbs be described simply?
It aims at probing the depths of faith in spite of suffering
What is the aim of Job?
an explanation of the divine purpose
What does Job demand from God?
speculative / reflective wisdom
Job is an example of what type of wisdom literature?
Job affirmed as righteous by narrator and YHWH, Satan accuses Job before YHWH of “piety for profit”, Job suffers loss, but does not complain
Give a description of Job based on Job 1-2
Eliphaz, Bildad, & Zophar
Who were Job’s three friends who sought to comfort him?
3 rounds of debate
How many rounds of speeches are contained in Job’s dialogue with his friends?
a brash young man who makes 4 speeches ignored by previous characters & YHWH. May be the answer to request of Job for someone to hear him and he may represent last statement of traditional theology. introduces speeches of YHWH
Who is Elihu?
the meaning of human existence and the good which man can find in life
What does the author of Ecclesiastes seek to understand?
“All is vanity, a breath, unsubstantial and fleeting.”
How does the speaker in Ecclesiastes characterize all of life?
Qoheleth
What is the pen-name of the speaker of Ecclesiastes?
assembly
What word best captures the meaning of the Hebrew term Qoheleth?
speculative/reflective wisdom
Ecclesiastes is an example of what type of wisdom literature?
the author is a skilled writer and teacher
Why is Ecclesiastes traditionally associated with Solomon?
All is vanity
What is the theme of Ecclesiastes?
considered controversial at the time of somewhat contradicted itself
Why was Ecclesiastes almost left out of the OT?
The writings
The story of Ruth is set in the days of ______ .
Moabite
What is Ruth’s ethnic heritage?
great grandparents of David
How are Ruth & Boaz related to the king David?
wife of Elimelech
who is Naomi?
Moabite Wife of Mahlon
who is Ruth?
Kinsman of Elimelech
who is Boaz?
husband of Naomi
who is Elimelech?
Moabite wife of Chilion (son along with Mahlon)
who is Oprah?
Purim
Esther is read at what Jewish feast?
it does not mention YHWH
Why was the reception of Esther into scripture long disputed by Jewish rabbis?
486-465 BCE
What is the setting of Esther?
YHWH
What significant name does not appear in Esther?
King of Persia, made Esther Queen
who was Ahasuerus?
Queen superseated by Esther
who was Vashti?
Jewish guardian of Esther
Who was Mordecai?
Jewish woman who becomes Persian Queen & saves her people
Who was Esther?
Villain of story who want to annihilate Jews
Who was Haman?
13th day 75,000 foes killed (Herman’s plan) and 14th & 15th days feast of Purim
What is the significance of the 13th, 14th, & 15th days of the month of Adar?
apocalyptic
Daniel is an example of the first great work of ___________.
no
Does apocalyptic literature attempt to convey actual history?
Ezekiel
Where else does the name Daniel or Dan’el appear in Jewish literature other than the book of Daniel?
stories illustrate how faithful Jews were enabled by divine aid to triumph over their enemies visions interpret current history and predict the coming consummation when the “saints” will have ultimate victory
What are the purposes of the 6 stories and 4 visions in Daniel?
the Rule/ Kingdom of YHWH will prevail over the kingdoms of the world
What is the theme of Daniel?
600-500 BCE
167-164 BCE
What are the two possible dates for the composition of Daniel?
Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah
Who were the three young men exiled with Daniel?
3- Shradrach, Meshach, and Abednego protected in the fiery furnace
6- Daniel protected in the lion’s den
Summarize the stories in Chapter 3 and Chapter 6 of Daniel?