livers role in digestion and pancreas

liver def

vital for digestion of food (accessory organ)

works with pancreas and gallbladder

largest abdominal organ

stores substances vital to sustaining life

regenerates itself

bodys chemical unit for processing of product of digestion

works through chemical process using enzymes to break things apart (chemical reactions)

how many chemical reactions

controls 500+ chemical reactions and manufactures

how much does it weigh

3.9lbs in men and 2.8lb in women

how much blood does it filter

2l (2000ml) of blood/min (removing toxins and waste products from bloodstream)

how much bile produced

produces 800- 1000ml (1l) of bile each day= helps break fats down in small intestine

what does it store

stores important vitamins and minerals (iron and copper) and releases them when needed causing a metallic taste/ smell

what does it produce

cholestrol and helps remove excess cholestrol from body

what does it play a role in

plays role in immune system by removing bacteria and other harmful substances

3 overall roles

breaks down toxic susbstances

process and stores nutrients

breaks down- secretes bile

lipase

breaks up fats

double delivery of blood to the liver

hepatic artery delivers blood from th eheart

hepatic portal vein brings it from intestines and fills it with nutrients

protease

breaks up proteins

pancreatic amylase

breaks up starch

hormones

chemicals that coordinate different functions in body by carrying messages through blood to organs, skin, muscles, and other tissues (tells body what to do)

insulin

helps regulate blood sugar levels from bloodstream

Lowers blood sugar by helping cells take in glucose

pancreas makes insulin- released into blood when glucose levels rise (such as after eating)

glucagon

helps regulate blood sugar levels (prevents it from dropping too low)- done through cellular communication

Raises blood sugar by telling the liver to release stored glucose.

takes stored glucose in liver- puts it into bloodstream

pancreas 2 jobs

secretes enzymes into small intestine to help break down lipids, proteins, carbs

makes insulin: the main thing responsible for metabolizing sugar

liver and pancreas when blood glucose levels rise

blood glucose levels rise, insulin released, tells liver to shut down sugar production and signals sugar to move into cells and liver for storage, blood levels go back to normal

liver and pancreas when blood glucose levels are low

blood glucose levels are low, glucagon is released, signals to release sugar from liver and cells, blood levels go back to normal

what happens if pancreas stops working

diabetes

diabetes types

type 1 diabetes: insulin is not released in the body

type 2 diabetes: insulin is no longer recognized by the body and can no longer do its job

without enough insulin=

glucose cant get into cells or liver and builds up in blood instead= leads to high blood sugar or diabetes

without enough glucagon=

• Glucose can’t be released from the liver into the blood when blood sugar drops (for example, between meals or during fasting).

• You risk hypoglycemia (too low blood sugar).

glycogen

glucose stuck together= macromolecule

c6h10o5

excess glucose stored in liver and muscles which attaches tog once stored into a larger molecule= glycogen

body uses this stored glycogen when it needs it for body

glucose

main sugar found in blood

c6h12o6

comes from carbs= every carb is sugar

important source of energy and primary for brain

provides nutrients for bodys organs, muscles, and nervous sytem

higher the carbs=

the more sugar in bloodstream

controlling glucose levels

cells need an exact level (balace= homeostasis) of glucose in blood

which 2 hromones is glucose regulated by

insulin and glucagon

pancreas and liver relationship

when glucose levels high or low= appropriate hormone get sent through bloodstream to liver and surrounding muscle cells to either store or release glucose

if too much glucose in blood=

insulin converts some of it to glycogen

if not enough glucose in the blood=

glucsgon converts some glycogen into glucose

diabetes

some people dont produce enough insulin

glucose levels in blood cannot be reduced when they eat leads to diabetes

= blood sugar falls out of homeostasis

have to inject or pump insulin

glucose in blood increased but no insulin to convert to glycogen

glucose concentration rises