Unit 1 AP Biology

Polarity

Having dipoles due to an unequal distribution of charge in a molecule

Hydrogen Bonding

Bonding between hydrogen and atoms of fluorine, nitrogen, or oxygen

Cohesion

The sticking together of the same substance

Adhesion

Attraction between different substances

Surface Tension

An emergent property of water from the cohesion of water molecules and unbalanced forces of hydrogen bonds (downwards but no upwards to cancel it out

Heat Capacity

The resistance of a given material towards sudden changes in temperature with a change in heat

Evaporative Cooling

Evaporation of a liquid to remove heat from the body

IMFS

Forces that act b/t molecules

Carbohydrates do what

Energy storing molecules

What does carbohydrates contain

CHO

What does carbohydrates include

Simple sugars, complex carbs

What terms are associated with carbohydrates

Monosaccharides, dissacharides, starch, glucose

What do lipids include

fats, stereroids, phospholipids

What do lipids contain

CHO

What is the purpose of lipids

Long term energy storage

What are the purpose of proteins

Help muscles move, and protect against disease

What are proteins made of

CHON

What are nucleic acids made up of

CHONP

Glycosidic bond

A covalent bond that is found in carbohydrates.

Saturated fatty acid

A lipid molecule made of single carbon bonds that are completely "saturated" with Hydrogens. Solid at room temp

Unsaturated fatty acid

A lipid molecule that has double carbon bonds (C=C), causing it to bend. Liquid at room temperature

Steroid

A lipid molecule that has 4 Carbon rings in it.

Chloresterol

A steroid (lipid) molecule that is used in cell membranes to provide stability.

Phospholipids

A lipid molecule that consists of a phospholipid head (hydrophilic) and two fatty acid tails (hydrophobic). Two layers of these molecules make up cell membranes.

Ester bond

Seen in a lipid

Nitrogenous Base

Part of a nucleotide that is made up of one of 5 bases (ATCG in DNA) (AUCG in RNA)

ATCG

The nitrogenous bases found in DNA

AUCG

The nitrogenous bases found in RNA

DNA

Nucleic Acid - found in the nucleus, carries genetic information

RNA

Nucleic Acid - carries genetic information