Biomolecules test 9-30-25

monomer of carbohydrates

monosaccharides

example of monosaccharides

glucose and fructose

what is sucrose

Disaccharide

The main function of carbohydrates in the body

Provide energy

polysaccharide found in plant cell walls

Cellulose

which carbohydrate is the main primary storage form of energy and animals?

Glycogen

good dietary sources of complex carbohydrates

Whole grains and vegetables

which carbohydrate cannot be digested by humans but aids in digestion as a fiber

Cellulous

monomer of protein

Amino acids

functions of proteins

Enzymatic catalysis, hormone production, and transport of the molecules

what is hemoglobin an example of?

Protein

what are enzymes?

Proteins

Foods high in protein

Different kinds of meats

essential amino acids are those…

That must come from the diet

which protein helps defend the body against pathogens

Antibodies

The monomer of most lipids are

Fatty acids and glycerol

examples of lipids

triglyceride, cholesterol, and phospholipid

what is the main function of triglycerides?

To store energy long-term

what are phospholipids an important component of?

Cell membranes

saturated fats are typically…

Solid at room temperature

a food rich in unsaturated fat

Olive oil

cholesterol functions as what

A component of cell membranes and steroid precursor

monomer of nucleic acids

Nucleotides

DNA’s primary function is to what

Store genetic information

which nucleic acid is responsible for making proteins from genetic instructions

RNA

what is a nucleotide composed of?

Sugar, phosphate, and base

which biomolecule class provides the most energy per gram

lipids

biomolecules considered macronutrient

proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

which biomolecule is most directly involved in controlling cell activities

nucleic acids

protons are located in which part of the atom

The nucleus

which subatomic particle carries a negative charge

The electron

what charge do neutrons have?

They have neutral charge(no charge)

The atomic number of an element equals the number of what

Protons

The mass number of an atom equals

Protons + neutrons

in a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of what?

Protons

which of the following determines how an atom bonds with other atoms

Electrons in the outer shell

what does dehydration synthesis involve?

Removing water to form bonds

what do hydrolysis reactions do?

Break down molecules using water

example of dehydration synthesis

combining glucose molecules to form starch

what is the process used to break down polymers into monomers during digesting?

hydrolysis

when two monosaccharides combine to form a disaccharide the reaction does what?

produces water

what are organic compounds primarily made out of?

Carbon

which four elements make up about 96% of living matter

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

what is phosphorus an important component of?

nucleic acids and ATP

what are trace elements defined as?

Elements required in very small amounts by organisms

which element forms the backbone of most biomolecules

Carbon

on the pH scale acids have a pH..

less than 7

A solution with a pH of 12 is…

strongly basic

which of the following acts as a buffer and the human body to maintain pH balance

Bicarbonate ions