CHILD 310 MID TERM EXAM

What are the 3 core considerations of DAP and briefly define them

Commonality: mIlestones that apply to most kids.

Individuality: looking at their personal strengths, interests, and how to make the activity individually appropriate.

Context: What is the child's social and cultural background? This ensures lessons are culturally appropriate by honoring their family values, language, and community.

Principle #1:

Don’t Learn Die Proactively

Development and learning are dynamic processes that reflect the complex interplay between child’s biological characteristics and the environment, each shaping the other as well as future patterns of growth.

Principle #2:

All Donald Can Do

All domains of child development-physical development, cognitive, development, social and emotional development. and linguistic development (Including bilingual and multilingual development), we well as approaches to learning- are important, each domain both supported and is supported by others.

Principle #3: Please Promote Joy Learning

Play promotes joyful learning that fosters self-regulation, language, cognitive and social competencies as well as content knowledge across disciplines. Play is essential for all children, birth through age 8.

Principle #4: Always Give Praise of Dallin

Although general progression of development and learning can be identified, variation due to cultural context, experiences, and individual differences must also be considered.

Principle #5: Criminals Are Always Lazy From Birth

Children are active learner from birth, constantly taking in and organizing information to create meaning through their relationship, their interactions with their environment, and their overall experiences.

Principle #6: Criminals Move to Lie

Children’s motivation to learn is increased when their learning environment fosters their sense of belonging and, purpose, and agency. Curricula and teaching methods build on each child’s assets by connecting their experiences in the school or learning environment, and community setting.

Principle #7: Criminals Learn In An Integrated Fashion

Children learn in an integrated fashion that cuts across academic disciplines or subject areas. Because the foundations of subject area knowledge are established in early childhood, educators need subject area-knowledge, an understanding of the learning progressions within each subject area, and pedalogical knowledge about teaching each subject area’s content effectively.

Principle #8: Develop And Learn Always

Development and learning advance when children are challenged to achieve at a level just beyond their current mastery and when they have many opportunities to reflect on and practice newly acquired skills.

Principle #9: U R An Idiot To A I

Used responsibly and intentionally, technology and interactive media can be valuable tools for supporting children’s development and learning.

What are the 6 guidelines for D.A.P in Action?

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• Creating a Caring, Equitable Community of Learners.

• Engaging in Reciprocal Partnerships with Families.

• Observing, Documenting, and Assessing Children’s Development.

• Teaching to Enhance Each Child’s Development and Learning.

• Planning and Implementing an Engaging Curriculum.

• Demonstrating Professionalism as an Educator.

Define “Real Strawberry Moments”

Learning happens when concepts are taught within their real context, and children actively participate. The more “real” the object the more the child will learn.

What are Parten’s 6 Stages of Play:

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1. Unoccupied Play (Infancy)

2. Solitary Play (0–2 Years)

3. Onlooker Play (2 Years)

4. Parallel Play (2–3 Years)

5. Associative Play (3–4 Years)

6. Cooperative Play (4+ Years)

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Further define the 6 stages of Parten’s Play

1. Unoccupied Play (Infancy)

The child is observing their environment and moving their body randomly.

Ex: A baby kicking their legs or staring at a ceiling fan.

2. Solitary Play (0–2 Years)

The child plays alone and is completely focused on their own activity. T

3. Onlooker Play (2 Years)

The child watches others play but does not join in. They might talk to the other children or ask questions, but they remain a spectator.

4. Parallel Play (2–3 Years)

Children play next to each other with similar toys, but they do not play with each other. They are like two trains on separate tracks.

5. Associative Play (3–4 Years)

They are more interested in the other children than the toy itself.

• What it looks like: Two children playing with cars; they swap cars and talk, but one is "racing" while the other is "going to the car wash."

6. Cooperative Play (4+ Years)

Children play together for a common purpose, often with assigned roles (like "house" or a structured game).

Define and give an example of a Recognize, emphasize, and maximize:

recognizing a child's interest or a "teachable moment," emphasizing a specific concept through language or modeling, and maximizing the learning by introducing new challenges or materials.

Ex: You notice a toddler is fascinated by how water pours from a cup during snack time, rather than just drinking it. You recognize their interest in cause-and-effect.

Ex: As the child pours the water, you say, "Look how the water fills the cup to the top! It was empty, and now it is full." You are emphasizing the vocabulary of volume.

Ex: You provide different-sized containers, funnels, and sponges in the water table the next day. You ask, "I wonder if this big bucket will fit into this tiny jar?" You are maximizing the learning by encouraging experimentation and problem-solving.

What are three teaching strategies for effective and intentional teachers, and define them?

Acknowledge, Encourage, Give directions:

What are two play pillars and examples for each?

Pillar 4: Social Interaction with others promotes learning

Ex: Riley, Cameron, and the food cooler

Pillar 6: Joy, positive affect, and surprises promote learning

Ex: Belly tattoos, kid whose mom had cancer

Define what a play schema is?

Patterns of behavior and thought that children use to explore their world

Define an example of a play schema, what their learning, and how they can build upon it

Transporting: Children picking things up and carrying them around. They love purses, pockets, purses, baskets wagons.

What they are learning: Cause and effect, develop spatial awareness

Build upon: carrying groceries inside, pouring and scooping

What is the importance of the Tennessee Voluntary Pre-K Program and what did we learn from it?

The findings taught educators that early gain “fade out”, and some children showed negative outcomes by later grades

Takeaways included that quality cannot be compromised for access

What is the difference between Hands-on vs First hand? And list examples of both.

Hands-On Learning: Doing what we can

First-Hand Experience: Seeing it and experiencing it, holding it, strawberry moments

Define what a center is and give an example.

It is a purposeful learning area designed to support specific skills and types of play. . They are the corner of D.A.P because they are learning active and meaningful.

Ex: Dramatic Play like playing grocery store.

what are the aspects of quality?

Flow and function and role of the teacher

What are routines and why are they important?

Predictable sequence of events

They help children feel safe, help them know when mom comes back, allows them to feel powerful and confident, reduces anxiety.

What are the benefits of routine?

Kids feel secure and can manage transitions better

Help children focus on learning

Children learn to play, wait, and participate group in activities.

Repetition allows children to anticipate steps, do tasks on their own, take responsibility.

Fewer conflicts occur when children understand what’s next.

What are the components of an effective routine?

"Consistency Fails, Bring Coffee."

Consistency: activities occur in the same order each day

Flexibility: adapt to unexpected events

Balance time for different activities, learning centers, and transitions

Clear expectations: What is expected for the day.

What theorist go along with what DAP Principles?

1- 6, 9: Jean Piaget - Focuses on cognitive development stages.

7, 8: Erik Erikson - Emphasizes social and emotional development.

What are the eight Core Soft Skills in ECE?

S.P.I.C.C.C.E

Self-Regulation and Emotional Control

Problem-Solving and Flexibility

Independence and Responsibility

Communication and Language

Cooperation and Teamwork

Confidence and Initiative

Empathy and Social Awareness

Discuss room arrangements specifically for dramatic play and blocks?

To maximize child development, place Dramatic Play and Blocks next to each other in a high-energy "active zone". This proximity encourages "cross-play," where blocks become props (like phones or beds) and dramatic play figures inspire new architectural builds+

When planning a space what are some things to consider?

-Connections and a sense of belonging

-Natural materials that engages senses

-Wonder curiosity, and intellectual engagement

What is playful learning?

where children learn content while engaged in self-directed free play, guided play, or structured games.

What is the "false dichotomy" in education?

The belief that learning must be rigid and teacher-directed, which is seen as the opposite of play

What is the role of the teacher in playful learning?

The teacher acts as a Socratic "guide at the side" rather than a "sage on the stage," supporting children as active explorers and discoverers.

What is Free Play?

C.C.N

Initiated by the child, directed by the child, with no learning goal.

What is guided play?

A.C.Y

Initiated by the adult, directed by the child, there is a learning goal

What are games?

A,.C. Y

Initiated by the adult, child directed, and there is a learning goal.

Why is guided play often more effective than free play for specific goals?

In guided play, adults set the stage with specific goals and materials, but let kids take the wheel.

What are the Six Pillars of Play?

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• Active Thinking: Children explore and test hypotheses in meaningful contexts.

• Engaged Learning: Focus on task due to intentional classroom design.

• Meaningful Learning: Connects new information to existing knowledge.

• Social Interaction: Opportunities for collaboration with peers and teachers.

• Iterative Thinking: Children revise ideas based on feedback and mistakes.

• Joyful Learning: Positive experiences enhance motivation and creativity.

What is the core definition of DAP?

DAP is a framework of principles and guidelines that uses a strengths-based, play-based approach to promote optimal learning and joyful engagement in young children.

What is a child's "interest"?

A passive idea or topic

What is a child's "intention"?

An aim, plan, purpose, objective, goal, target, design, idea, wish, or dream. Children's play is based on powerful intentions that drive learning and exploration

Why should projects be based on verbs instead of nouns?

Nouns are linear, narrow, and limiting.

What are "juicy verbs"?

Descriptive verbs related to schema actions that educators use intentionally when talking with children to build their vocabulary

How do schemas connect to Social-Emotional Learning (SEL)?

Self-management: Transforming schema

Social awareness: Perspective/. Orientation Schema

Relationship skills: Enclosing/ Connecting schema