4.1.1

General formula

General formula

The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series (def not required)

Structural formula

The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule (def not required)

Displayed formula

The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them (def not required)

Skeletal formula

The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups (def not required)

Homologous series

A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2

Aliphatic

A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in a straight chain, branched chains or non-aromatic rings (def not required)

Alicyclic

An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains (def not required)

Aromatic

A compound containing a benzene ring (def not required)

Saturated

Single carbon-carbon bonds only

Unsaturated

The presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds, including double and triple bonds and aromatic rings

Structural isomers

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Homolytic fission

Each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals

Heterolytic fission

One bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair

Radical

A species with an unpaired electron

Curly arrow

Shows the movement of an electron pair