BIL 250 Chat Gpt Quiz

In eukaryotes, translation typically initiates at an AUG codon embedded in which consensus element?

Kozak sequence

The genetic code is non-overlapping, degenerate, and largely conserved across species.

True

Name the three ribosomal sites involved in elongation and state the main

role of each.

A (aminoacyl/incoming), P (peptidyl/growing chain), E (exit).

Which components provide a GTP-driven proofreading/translocation

function during elongation (bacteria)?

EF-Tu and EF-G

A protein is released at a stop codon because the A site is occupied by:

a release factor protein

Define “wobble” pairing and name the modified base in tRNA that commonly enables it.

Wobble = flexible pairing at the 3rd codon position; base: inosine (I).

Give two examples of post-translational modifications and briefly state

their typical functional consequences.

phosphorylation (on/off switching) and ubiquitination (degradation)

You want to express a human protein in E. coli. Which DNA source is

best to clone?

cDNA clone

Contrast Southern, Northern, and Western blots by the molecule

detected and the probe used.

Southern = DNA (DNA probe). Northern = RNA (DNA/RNA probe).

Western = protein (antibody).

Which technique best visualizes where a specific mRNA is expressed

within intact tissues?

In situ hybridization

Sanger sequencing terminates DNA synthesis because

dideoxynucleotides lack which group?

3’ OH group

One key difference between NGS whole-genome shotgun and

traditional Sanger shotgun regarding library prep and throughput.

NGS adds adapters and sequences millions of fragments in parallel;

Sanger prepares individual clones/tubes and sequences one fragment per

reaction.

Which approach most directly maps genome-wide binding sites of a

transcription factor?

ChIP-seq

Nanopore sequencing can generate read lengths orders of magnitude

longer than standard short-read platforms and can sequence RNA directly.

True

Targeted knockout of a specific mouse gene most classically relies on:

Homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells