Cardiac Masses

cardiac mass

an abnormal structure within or immediately adjacent to the heart

what percentage of cardiac masses are benign?

80%

what exam is most diagnostic for cardiac masses?

CT

what is an MRI used for with cardiac masses?

to see the tissue of a mass

what is a TEE used for with cardiac masses?

the hemodynamics of small and mobile masses

echo assessment of masses

location

size

attachment

valvular function

overall function

mass mobility

blood supply

attachment of a myxoma

pedunculated to the IAS

where is a myxoma most common?

LA

mobility of a myxoma

mobile and may prolapse into LV

most common cardiac benign tumor

myxoma

murmur heard with a myxoma

tumor plop

papillary fibroelastoma

small, sea anemone shaped mass

another name for papillary fibroelastoma

papilloma

most common cardiac benign valvular tumor

papilloma

where is a papilloma most commonly seen?

AV and MV

what side of the valve is a papillary fibroelastoma found?

non flow side

fibroma

large tumors within the myocardium

characteristics of a fibroma

very reflective

soft tissue

in myocardium

lipoma

fatty, encapsulated tumor

attachment of a lipoma

sessile

sessile attachment

without a stalk, wide base

where is a lipoma typically found?

LV, RA, IAS

lipomatous hypertrophy of the IAS

thick adipose tissue of the IAS, fossa ovalis is normal

what is the symbol for lipomatous hypertrophy of the IAS?

dumbbell shaped

rhabdomyoma

multiple tumors found in the chambers or myocardium

most common tumor found in children and fetal echoes?

Rhabdomyoma

what disorder is rhabdomyoma associated with?

tuberous sclerosis

what tumor can disappear on its own?

rhabdomyoma

hemangioma

tumor consisting of blood vessels

pericardial cyst

fluid filled cyst found near the RA

consequence of pericardial cysts

chamber compression

pathognomonic

signs or symptoms specific to a disease condition

predilection

preference or common place for something

polypoid

polyp

primary

original site of tumor

secondary

additional sites where cancer has spread

metastasis

spread from a primary site to a secondary site

sarcoma

most common primary malignancy

characteristics of a sarcoma

large

sessile

predilection for right heart or pericardium

common for effusion or tamponade

symptoms of sarcomas

obstructive

congestion

dyspnea

fatigue

arrhythmia

embolization

most common sarcoma

Angiosarcoma

most common sarcoma in children

Rhabdosarcoma

second most common sarcoma

rhabdosarcoma

third most common sarcoma

fibrosarcoma

least common sarcoma

leiomyosarcoma

sarcoma found in adults over 50 years

leiomyosarcoma

what type of mass is cardiac lymphoma

primary malignant tumor

predilection for a cardiac lymphoma

RA

how much more common is secondary malignant tumors than primary?

20x

most common site for secondary malignant tumors

pericardium

most common secondary malignant tumor

malignant melanoma

least common secondary malignant tumor

renal cell carcinoma

renal cell carcinoma

cancer in the kidneys that spreads through the renal vein, then IVC, then RA

teratoma

Rare tumor that can contain fully developed tissues and organs, including hair, teeth, muscle, and bone

is a teratoma cancerous?

can be either

extracardiac masses

mediastinal, intrathoracic tumors, hematoma, hernia

intracardiac thrombi causes

endothelial injury, coagulability, stasis

when would you have ventricular thrombi?

ventricular dysfunction

most common location for a ventricular thrombi

apex

common atrial thrombi location

LAA

common pathologies associated with atrial thrombi

MS, LAE, A Fib

common causes of right atrial thrombi

catheters, pacer wires, DVT

if a piece of a thrombus embolizes, what can it cause?

pulmonary embolism

infective endocarditis

infection can cause a growth and destruction on the leaflets

what disease can look like trabeculations?

thrombus or non compaction of LV

non compaction of the LV

heart muscular wall doesn't fully develop and it looks spongy