1.1, 2.1, 2.3 Keyword Flashcards

magnetic compass

magnetic compass

instrument for direction, developed during the Han Dynasty

rudder

part of a steering of a ship located outside the hull, developed during the Han dynasty

junk

chinese sailing vessel developed during the Han Dynasty

mongol empire

the largest land based empire in history, founded by Genghis Khan in the 15th century

cities

permanent area of a population larger than towns and villages

kashgar

a silk road replenish city located in Western China where the Northern and Southern silk roads meet

samarkand

a silk road replenish city located in modern-day Uzbekistan and centers of cultural exchange and trading goods

money economy

system of exchange where currency is used as the medium of trade

caravanserai

inns along trade routes where travelers could trade, rest, and replenish

flying cash

money transfer system/payment system developed under the Tang Dynasty

paper money

currency in paper form

banking houses

precursors to modern banking

bills of exchange

a written order without interest that binds one party to pay a fixed sum to another party at a predetermined date in the future

hanseatic league

first common marketplace and confederation of merchant guilds

champa rice

a fast-ripening and drought-resistent strain of rice from Champa Kingdom (Vietnam)

proto-industrialization

a set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell

artisans

skilled craftworkers

scholar gentry

new social class comprised of landowners, educated in Confucian philosophy, became the most influential social class in China

filial piety

the duty of family members to subordinate their desires to those of the male head of the family and to the ruler

grand canal

an inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system that extended over 30,000 miles, made under the Song Dynasty

song dynasty

chinese dynasty that replaced the tang in 960 and ruled for more than three centuries, their reign was prosperous and arts flourished

imperial bureaucracy

a vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire’s policies

meritocracy

obtaining positions based on merit

woodblock printing

a system of printing developed in the 7th century by the chinese

foot binding

wrapped women’s feet so tightly that the bones didn’t grow naturally, resulting in smaller feet

buddhism

a spiritual and philosophical tradition founded in 5th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama in South Asia

theravada buddhism

form of buddhism focused on personal spiritual growth through silent meditation and self-discipline, became the strongest in Southeast Asia

mahayana buddhism

form of buddhism focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service, became the strongest in china and korea

tibetan buddhism

form of buddhism focused on chanting, became the strongest in tibet

syncretic

fused

chan (zen) buddhism

form of buddhism with elements of daoist traditions and buddhist doctrines

neo-confucianism

syncretic system combining rational thought with abstract ideas of daoism and buddhism

heian period

(794-1185) when japan emulated chinese traditions in politics, art, and literature

nuclear families

wife, husband, and their children

polygyny

the practice of having more than one wife at the same time

malacca (melaka)

muslim city-state that became wealthy by building a navy and imposing fees on ships passing through the straight of malacca (malaysia)

gujarat

western indian rajput kingdom

swahili city-states

city-states on the east coast of Africa (kilwa, mombasa, zanzibar)

calicut

city on the west coast of India that became a thriving center of trade due to interactions with merchants from East Africa and Southwest Asia

spice island

modern-day malaysia and indonesia nicknames due to fragrant nutmeg, cinnamon, cloves, and cardamom they exported

indian ocean basin

basin in indian ocean, the center of the ocean which benefited much from trade

monsoon winds

patterns of winds and rain in South Asia

lateen sails

triangular sails that could easily catch winds coming from many different directions

stern rudder

chinese sailors invention that gave ships more stability and easier to maneuver

astrolabe

allowed sailers to determine how far north or south they were from the equator

indian ocean slave trade

enslaved people sent from east africa to the middle east and india through the ocean trade routes

diaspora

settlements of people away from their homeland

zheng he

muslim admiral (1371-1433) who went on 7 great voyages around the world