final review 39, 40, 41, 42

The acronym LMP refers to the

first day of a woman's last menstrual period

Which of the following is the best description of menopause?

the natural cessation of a woman's menstrual cycles

What is the medical term for the time period before menopause, during which menstrual periods may be irregular and hot flashes may be felt due to changing levels of estrogen?

perimenopause

Which of the following should a pregnant woman be advised to avoid during her pregnancy?

alcohol

Which procedure is performed when a genetic or metabolic defect is suspected in a fetus?

amniocentesis

The specimen obtained by a cervical biopsy is sent to the laboratory with a(n)

cytology laboratory requisition

Which of the following consists of widening the opening of the cervix and scraping the uterine lining?

D&C

The most commonly ordered test in a urology practice is

urinalysis

Another name for enlargement of the prostate gland is

prostatic hypertrophy

Which of the following is not a part of the medical assistant's role in a urologist's office?

visual inspection of the external genitalia

Which of the following treatments may be used for a patient who is incontinent?

exercises

A condition in which an egg is unable to move out of a woman's fallopian tube into the uterus for implantation is a(n)

ectopic pregnancy

Another term for benign, smooth tumors of muscle cells in the uterus is

fibroids

Which of the following treatments may be useful for a woman with uterine prolapse?

Kegel or perineal exercises

When preparing a wet mount, what is mixed with the sample to be tested?

saline

What is the purpose of assisting a pregnant patient onto the examination table?

To ensure the patient doesn't lose balance and fall

Which of the following organs is examined by a rectal exam?

Prostate gland

Surgical sterilization by cutting the vas deferens is known as a

vasectomy

______ is the specialty that provides care to women of childbearing age and monitors the progress of the developing child.

Obstetrics

______ is the specialty that diagnoses and treats the female reproductive system.

Gynecology

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that results from one extra chromosome in each cell during the development of the fetus?

Down syndrome

Which of the following statements about well-child examination is true?

From the age of 3, children should have well-child examinations every year.

How many well-baby examinations are needed in an infant's first year?

7

What is the purpose of administering an immunization?

to reduce a person’s susceptibility to infections

When is the first dose of the vaccine for hepatitis B given?

the day after birth

The best site for obtaining a blood specimen from an infant is the __________.

heel

Most childhood cases of HIV infection are __________.

transmitted from a mother to her infant

Which of the following conditions is commonly misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and over-diagnosed in children?

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Which of the following is a highly contagious disease that is often seen in the winter and spring as outbreaks of pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and tracheobronchitis?

RSV

Why can viral gastroenteritis be serious in young children?

It can cause extreme fluid loss, resulting in dehydration.

The development of thinking skills as a child grows is __________.

intellectual-cognitive development

The way a child relates to others as he or she grows is __________.

social development

At what age do most sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases occur?

between 2 and 4 months of age

Which newborn screening test is required by all states and is performed 24–48 hours after birth and after the infant has ingested proteins?

PKU

A child has a large bruise on both his right and left shoulders. The licensed practitioner suspects abuse, what will most likely happen next?

The child protection agency will be notified

In the graph pictured what is the weight per age percentile for Connor James Booth at 18 months?

90

Which of the following are indicators of a cardiovascular defect in a newborn infant?

Blue lips and fingernails

What is the specialty that provides care to children and adolescents?

Pediatrics

Which procedure is most commonly performed in a pediatrician's office?

Completing growth charts

Which of the following is not a common childhood disease?

Reye syndrome

When communicating with a patient with a visual impairment, __________.

provide instruction sheets in large type

When communicating with a patient who has a hearing impairment, __________.

speak in clear, low-pitched tones

By the year 2030, medical assistants will be spending at least __________ percent of their time caring for older patients.

50

Which of the following is the appropriate way to address elderly patients?

Mrs. Jones

Which of the following is a good way to help elderly patients remember their medications and the appropriate time to take each medication?

Encourage the patient to use a medication organizer or a medication box.

Which of the following is the specific diagnostic test for depression?

There is no specific diagnostic test.

Treatment for depression in elderly patients includes __________.

antidepressants and psychotherapy

The postural abnormality __________ often occurs in elderly women due to a loss of bone density, causing a characteristic curvature of the spine, known as "humpback."

kyphosis

Elderly patients are defined as patients who are over the age of __________.

65

Medical specialists who specialize in the care of elderly people are __________.

geriatricians

Which of the following is a sign of aging in the integumentary system?

atrophy of the subcutaneous layer of skin

Which of the following is a sign of aging in the nervous system?

shortened attention span

Elderly patients experience postural hypotension, which is a sign of aging related to the __________.

cardiovascular system

Another term for degenerative joint disease is __________.

osteoarthritis

A condition in which cholesterol and triglyceride levels are above normal is __________.

hyperlipidemia

Which of the following conditions can be alleviated by encouraging elderly patients to eat more high-fiber foods and drink plenty of fluids?

constipation-diarrhea cycle

Which of the following conditions may cause increased thirst, increased urination, and fatigue?

diabetes mellitus type II

Which debilitating brain disorder commonly causes changes in personality, mood, or behavior and for which there is no cure?

Alzheimer's disease

Against which of the following diseases are elderly patients encouraged to receive vaccination?

shingles

Which of the following statements is not true regarding elder abuse?

Most elder abuse victims are older men with chronic disabilities.

Suggestions that would help an elderly patient who has hyperlipidemia would be to increase exercise and eat foods with lower amounts of __________.

cholesterol

Which condition is caused by high cholesterol levels that can lead to the accumulation of fatty deposits along the inner walls of arteries?

atherosclerosis

For which of the following conditions is hormone replacement therapy commonly used?

osteoporosis

Which of the following is not considered a possible sign of neglect?

alcohol use

Which of the following is a possible result of loss of adipose tissue and decreased circulation in an elderly patient?

cold intolerance

In which allergy test are extracts of suspected allergens applied to a patient's skin using a lancet, usually on the arms and back?

scratch test

Which of the following is a skin inflammation that may be an allergic response to allergens, such as chemicals or foods?

eczema

Which condition causes wrist pain and numbness because the medial nerve is compressed?

carpal tunnel syndrome

Which allergy test is performed by placing a piece of linen on uninvolved skin and then using a dropper to soak the linen with the suspected allergen?

patch test

Which type of allergy test, also called a subcutaneous test, introduces dilute solutions of allergens into the skin of the inner forearm or upper back with a fine-gauge needle?

intradermal test

Which of the following is a cardiac diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity of the heart through the placement of electrodes on the chest and limbs?

electrocardiogram

Which of the following defines a stress test?

measurement of the patient’s response to an increasing workload on the heart using an ECG

Which of the following is a fungal infection that produces flat lesions on the body that are dry and scaly or moist and crusty and are often found on the feet, groin, and scalp?

ringworm

Which of the following is a true statement about skin cancer?

Overexposure to the sun is a risk factor in all types of skin cancer.

In which diagnostic test is a barium enema given rectally prior to taking an x-ray?

lower GI series

A condition in which an organ pushes through a muscle or wall containing it is a(n) __________.

hernia

Which gastrointestinal disease involves gastric acid rising from the stomach into the esophagus?

gastroesophageal reflux

Which neurological diagnostic test records the electrical activity of the brain on a strip of graph paper?

electroencephalography

Which neurological disease causes weakness or paralysis on one side of the face?

bell's palsy

Which common neurological disorder that is caused by the misfiring of nerve groups in the brain results in seizures?

epilepsy

In which cancer does the patient experience jaundice?

liver cancer

allergy specialty

• specialty diagnosing and treating allergies

• scratch test

cardiology

• specialty in heart diseases and disorders

• electrocardiogram

dermatology

• specialty in diagnosing and treating skin diseases and disorders such as acne, eczema, and skin cancer

• wound cultures

endocrinology

• specialty treating diseases and disorders of the endocrine system, which includes glands that regulate and coordinate the systems of the body

• diabetes screening

Gastroenterology

• specialty diagnosing and treating disorders of the entire gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus, as well as the liver and pancreas

• barium swallow

neurology

• specialty diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the central nervous system and s\associated systems

• electroencephalography

oncology

• specialty in the detection and treatment of tumors and cancerous growths

• blood tests, especially those to detect tumor markers

ophthalmology

• specialty treating the eyes and related tissues

• refraction exam

orthopedics

• specialty focusing on disorders, injuries, and diseases of the musculoskeletal system

• MRI

otology

• Specialty treating diseases and disorders of the ears

• Tympanometry

surgery

• specialty in which procedures are performed to repair wounds and broken bones or to repair or remove diseased or injured tissues, organs and limbs

• needle biopsy

urology

• specialty diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of the urinary system in both males and females as well as the male reproductive system

• Pyelography