the circulatory system - emb

-EMB

Circulatory System

it is consist of blood, the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Hemoglobin

• an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and organs

red blood cell (RBC)

• cells carry oxygen in life, but after death, they break down and contribute to decomposition and discoloration. In embalming, fluids help preserve these cells and surrounding tissues, and blood removal helps prevent decay.

120 days

it is the day that a red blood cells live in the body after death

Juandice, Uremic poisoning

when the liver or kidneys are not functionin properply, these hemoglobin breakdown products are not excreted normally and can cause ________ and ________. both conditions present special problems for the embalming.

• it deals with foreign materials, such as disease organisms, that get into the body

• they may engulf and disable them or they may cause the body to produce anti bodies against them.

antibodies

• attach to the foreign object and make it easier for other white blood cells to destroy the invader

Arterial side

• it part of the circulatory system sends red blood cells bearing oxygen to all cells of the body.

Venous side

• it is part of the circulatry system returns blood with carbon dioxide to be exhaled by the lungs.

capillaries

• allow blood to come in close contact with all cells of the body

• They allow formaldehyde and other chemicals to pass from the blood system into the cells, ensuring complete preservation and disinfection of the body.

arteries and then capillaries

are used to deliver embalming sol. to every parts of the body

Veins

• provides important drainage points during arterial injection

Venous drainage

provides room in the capillaries for embalming sol.

it also eliminates bad color changes which occu

black or deathly gray color

this bad color changes which can occur if blood remains in facial capillaries and reacts with formaldehydes to give __________. this is the one body system that we should know

veins

• have thin walls

• have valves

• may be superficial (Superficial - are easily seen or felt through the skin)

• Blue color

• collapse when cut

arteries

• have three heavy coat (Tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa)

• no valves

• deep and well protected

• cream colored

• stand open when cut

left atrium

• Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.

• Passes blood to the left ventricle.

left ventricle

• Pumps oxygenated blood to the whole body through the aorta.

• Strongest chamber because it needs to push blood far.

Right Atrium

• Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via:

  • Superior vena cava

  • Inferior vena cava

• Passes blood to the right ventricle.

Right Ventricle

• Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery to get oxygen.

arch of aorta

• great arteery arising from the left ventricles

• As the aorta turns downward, it becomes the thoracic aorta. Below the diaphragm it is the abdominal artery. They lie on the anterior surface of the spinal column. They may be used for injection after complete or partial autopsy or organ donation and in infants.

Inferior and superior vena cava

These large veins connect to the right atrium of the heart and drain the lower body (inferior) and head and shoulders (superior) respectively. They are also potential drainage points when a partial autopsy has been performed.

Partial autopsy

-has been performed (e.g., only the chest or abdomen is examined), some major veins may be cut or exposed.

Right common carotid arteries (RCCA)

• is the best channel to inject preservation into the body. it leads to directly to the aortic arch and from there to the entire body.

internal jugular veins

• found in the neck region just lateral and ventral to the carotid arteries they drain blood from the superficial part of the face, neck and brain

Subclavian artery and vein

• right subclavian artery and the right common carotid arise from the branchiocephalic artery. the left subclavian veins runs parallel to the artery

• in others term: On the right side, both the right arm artery (subclavian) and the right neck/head artery (carotid) come from the brachiocephalic artery.
  On the left side, the subclavian vein runs next to its matching subclavian artery, returning blood to the heart.

Aillary artery and vein

• when subclavian artery passes under the clavicle, it becomes the axillary artery which passes to the upper arm. it lies beneath the medial edge of the deltoid muscle. the axillary vein is parallel and medial to the artery

Branchial artery and Basilic Vein

the axillary artery becomes the ________ in the upper arm. the parallel vein is the basillic vein. They are found in the furrow beneath the medial edge of the biceps branchii muscle through the length of the arm.

Radial artery and radial vein

• As the branchial artery passes the insertion of the bracialis muscles in the medial elbow, it divides into the radial and ulnar arteries. the ________ supplies blood (and embalming fluid) to the thumb side of the hand. it is easy to find as its superficial artery and the ________parallel this artery.

radial artery

• the ________ supplies blood (and embalming fluid) to the thumb side of the hand

radial vein

• is a deep vein that runs alongside the radial artery.

• It drains deoxygenated blood from the lateral forearm and hand.

ulnar artery and vein

This artery is found in the deep muscles on the medial or little finger side of the forearm. the ______ runs parallel to this artery

Femoral vein and ateries

• located at the lower extremities

• begins at the inguinal region and extends the length of the thigh.

• continuation of the external iliiac artery of the lower trunk

• this vein is medial to the artery

• the second bet area to introduce embalming solution and to drain the venous system

Tabial arteries and veins

• found in the lower leg

• the fermoral artery has two terminal branched ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR tibial arteries

• the corresponding veins run parallel to them

• they originate at the back of the knee near the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle.

• this is the supply the legs below the knee to the foot

Tibial Arteries

• Lower leg (shin area)

• Supply blood to lower leg, ankle, and foot

Tibial Veins

• Drain deoxygenated blood from same areas (eg, ankle, and foot)

• Lower leg (shin area)

Femoral Artery

• Thigh (upper leg)

• Major supply of blood to entire lower limb

Femoral Vein

• Main vein draining the lower limb

• Thigh (upper leg)