Nomanalism
William of Ockham
Philosophical idea that there are no universal ideas, and we should rely on ourselves and scripture for guidance
William of Ockham
Most prominent proponent of the philosophy of nominalism
Renaissance Man
One who participated in many crafts, usually in the humanities
Southern Renaissance
Interested in universals and opposed nominalism
Northern Renaissance
A literalist movement interested in the particular
Corruption of Renaissance Popes
Corruption
Sale of indulgences
Propaganda
Not focused enough on morality
Conciliarism
The Church is represented by councils and not the papacy
Curia
The court of justice that the popes saught to reform
Nicholas V
Founded the Vatican library
Saught to make Rome a place of art
The restorer of Rome
Callistus III
First Spanish pope
Wanted to organize the European Papal States against the Turks
Put both of his nephews into positions of power in the Church
Pius II
Canonized Catherine of Sienna
Tried and failed to organize a crusade to remove the Turks
Catherine of Sienna
Ascetic mystic
Doctor of the Church
Paul II
Secretly instituted cardinals that were for his interests
Opponent of the humanists
Humanism
Placing more importance on humans than on the divine
Sixtus IV
Founded the Spanish inquisition
Strengthened himself by putting relatives in positions of power
Alexander VI
Put into place Church teachings that sparked the reformation
Put into power illegitimate children
Julius II
Patron of art
The warrior pope
Hired Michelangelo
Leo X
Formed corpus christi
Savonarola
Franciscan Monk
Destroyed immoral art
How did political factors fuel the reformation
The Church had less control over people as the nations gained more power, which allowed reformers to more easily push their ideas
Indulgences
Selling pardons or God’s grace
Multiplication of Benefices
Taking multiple positions to earn more money
Diplomatic Overkill
The clergy spending too much time with world leaders and not enough time in the actual churches
What Caused Luther to be a Monk?
An experience of being caught in a thunderstorm caused him to become a Monk, saying that if God let him live, he would convert.
What two sacraments did Luther Keep?
Eucharist and Baptism
Exsurge Domine
Published by Pope Leo X condemning the thesises
Henry VII
Wrote In Defense of the 7 Sacrements
Pope Paul III
Known as Cardinal Petticoat
Called for reformations of the Church and conversion of clergy
Council of Trent
Longest council in the history of the Church
Ecumenical
Worked on how to respond to the Protestant Reformation
Took too long to convene
Had many disputes on agenda and method
Spoke about original sin and justification
What did protestants focus on after they shook the world?
Scripture and morality