Studied by 6 people
angle
the relative height or direction from which a subject is photographed
aspect ratio
the ratio of width to height of a film image
blacklisted
put on a list privately exchanged among employers containing the names of persons to be barred from employment because of untrustworthiness or for holding opinions considered undesireable
blockbuster
a film, show, novel, and so on, that proves to be an outstanding popular success
box office bomb
a film that is considered highly unsuccessful or unprofitable during its theatrical run is said to have “bombed” or “flopped” at the box office
cinema
motion pictures collectively, as an art
composition
the arrangement of elements in a frame and, more generally, in a scene
cut
a sudden transition from one shot to another, achieved by juxtaposing the last frame of one shot with the first frame of another. also called a straight cut or direct cut
editing
the process of preparing a film (or a radio or television program) by selecting, rearranging, or rejecting previously filmed or taped material
films
motion pictures as political works
greenlit
giving permission or a go ahead to move forward with a project
gross
the total office revenue of a movie before expenses are deducted
location
a place other than a studio where shooting of a film or television show takes place
looping
a technique of post dubbing where a performer attempts to match dialogue to performance while watching a short piece of the scene formed into a loop
match cut
a cut from one shot to another in which a certain subject or action is carried over, or matched
mixing
the general term for the work of the sound editor or mixer, who combines and edits various separate sound tracks into one final version
montage
the technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information
motion picture
a sequence of consecutive pictures of objects photographed in motion by a specially designed camera and thrown on a screen by a projector in such rapid succession as to give the illusion of natural movement
movies
motion pictures as an industry, or as a genre of art or entertainment
pan
horizontal movement of the camera around a fixed axis from one part of the scene to another
piracy
the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing on certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display, or perform the protected work
product placement
the practice of companies paying for their products or services to be featured in movies and television programs
set
a constructed location where filmed action takes place
shot
a single piece of film, however long or short, without cuts, exposed continuously
special effects
visual and mechanical effects used to create illusions on film. currently, the distinction is drawn between “special effects” as being mechanical versus “visual effects”
verisimilitude
the appearance of being true or real
visual effects
special effects achieved by manipulation the film image
acoustics
the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of sound. specifically, musical acoustics studies the physics of music
beat
in music, the basic unit of time, often defined as the rhythm listeners tape their toes to or musicians count while performings
business model
an organization’s plan for generating value from operations
censorship
the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information which may be considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, politically incorrect, or inconvenient as determined by governments, media outlets, authorities, or other groups or institutions
consonance
in music, the level of sweetness, pleasantness, and acceptability of the sound intervals in a song. consonance is the counterpart to dissonance
cover
a new performance or recording of a previously recorded song by someone other than the original artist/ composer. also known as a cover version or a cover song
crooner
a label given to male singers of jazz standards, backed by a full orchestra, big band, or a piano. originally meant ironically, denoting the emphatically sentimental and often emotional singing style made possible by the use of microphones, it became the dominant popular vocal style heard on the radio
dissonance
in music, the level of harshness, unpleasantness, and unacceptability of the sound intervals in a song. dissonance is the counterpart to consonance
dynamics
the degree of loudness or softness of a piece of music. composers use abbreviations and symbols to denote when to change the volume of a piece
fair use
a limitation and exception to the exclusive right granted by copyright law to the author of a creative work. examples of fair use include teaching, commentary, search engines, criticism, parody, news reporting, research, library archiving, and scholarship
freedom songs
songs sung by those in the Civil Rights Movement. also called Civil Rights anthems
freemium
a pricing strategy where a product or service, typically a digital offering or application, is provided free of charge, but money is charged for proprietary features, functionality, or virtual goods
harmony
the use of simultaneous pitches (tone, notes), or chords. harmony is often said to represent the “vertical” aspect of music, while melody is the “horizontal” aspect
high fidelity
the faithful reproduction of sound using electronic equipment with little distortion
hip-hop
a music genre consisting of stylized rhythmic music accompanying rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted rather than sung. also known as rap music
instrumentation
the particular combination of musical instruments used in a composition or an arrangement
master royalties
paid to a label when the label’s recording is used in an advertisement, film, television program, streaming service, or other medium
mechanical royalties
royalties paid for any copyrighted audio composition that is rendered mechanically (i.e., without human performers). this would include tape recordings, DVDs, VHS, MIDI files, computer games, music videos, ringtones, musical toys, and so on
melody
a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity. in its most literal sense, a melody is a combination of pitch and rhythm
music royalties
different types of payments received by songwriters, performers, and companies for music
musical instruments
an instrument created or adapted to make musical sound
performance royalties
royalties received for the performance of a song or composition. such performances can be live, recorded, or broadcast
piracy
copyright infringement in the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing upon certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. some U.S. courts now regard the term “piracy” or “theft” to be pejorative
pitch
the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. pitch is a major auditory attribute of musical tones, along with duration, loudness, and timbre
popular music
a term applying to a number of musical genres seen as having wide appeal and typically distributed to large audience through the music industry. popular music stands in contrast to both art (classical) music and traditional (folk) music. while popular music is sometimes known as "pop music," the two terms are not interchangeable (pop music denotes the popularity of rock and roll during the 1950s and 1960s)
protest songs
songs that express support or disapproval for a political subject, usually associated with a movement for social change
rhythm
in the performance arts, the timing of musical sounds and silence, the steps of a dance, or the meter of spoken language and poetry
royalties
a payment made by one party (the "licensee") to another that owns a particular asset (the "licensor") for the right to ongoing use of that asset. royalties are typically agreed upon as a percentage of gross or net revenues derived from the use of an asset or a fixed price per unit sold of an itch of such
tempo
the speed or pace of a given piece or subsection of music. typically written at the start of the score and usually indicated in beats per minute
theme
in music, the material, usually a recognizable melody, upon which part of all of a composition is based
timbre
the quality of a musical note, sound, or tone that distinguishes different types of voice and musical instruments, even when they have the same pitch and loudness. also known as tone color or tone quality
topical songs
a song that comments on political and/or social events, typically offering a mix of narrative and commentary
broadcasting
originally using wireless technology to simultaneously reach a wide audience, now taken to be the act of transmitting speech, music, visual images, and so on, as by radio or television. the term also applies to radio or television as a business or profession
daypart
the time segments that divide a radio or television day for programming and ad scheduling purposes
download
any file that is offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file
downloading
receiving data to a local system from a remote system, or to initiate such a data transfer
electromagnetic spectrum
the limited range of frequencies that can be used for transmitting radio waves with electricity
Federal Communications Commission
the government agency in charge of regulating broadcast communication
format
a consistent programming formula for the content broadcast over a radio station
morse code
a system of dots and dashes invented by Samuel F.B. Morse that was used in transmitting telegraph message
payola
the illegal practice of record companies paying radio station personnel to play certain records on the air
pirate radio stations
unlicensed broadcast or short wave signals
public interest, convenience, and necessity
a key phrase from the Radio Act of 1927 requiring that broadcasting serve the public good
radio feature performance
defined by BMI as the performance of a popular song “that lasts 60 seconds or more and is the sole sound broadcast at the time of the performance.”
shock jocks
radio personalities who make lewd and tasteless comments to drive up ratings for their programs.
spectrum scarcity
the limited number of broadcast frequencies available for radio and television
stream
a sequence of data elements made available over time
streaming media
multimedia that is constantly received by and presented to an end-user while being delivered by a provider
webcasting
a media presentation distributed over the Internet using streaming media technology to distribute a single content source simultaneously
wireless telegraphy
using radio to send telegraphic messages; the early name for radio before the human voice replaced Morse Code
analog television
the original television technology that uses analog signals to transmit video and audio
black comedy
a comic work that makes light of serious and/or taboo subject matter
cathode-ray tube
a vacuum tube used to reproduce images in television receivers
comedy
professional entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches, intended to make an audience laugh
couch potato
someone who spends a lot of time watching television instead of exercising
digital television
a television broadcasting technology in which signals are transmitted as a sequence of binary numbers. Also, a television set that can receive these digital signals
dramedy
a movie, play, or broadcast program that combines elements of drama and comedy
parasocial interaction
an illusionary experience in which people interact with personas on television such as characters, celebrities and talk show hosts, as if they were engaged in real relationships with them
rating
the percentage of all homes with televisions tuned to a particular station at a particular time
share
the percentage of homes in which televisions are turned on and tuned to a particular station at a particular time
strip programming
showing the same television program in the same time period five times a week
superstation
a television broadcast station other than a network station that is secondarily transmitted by a satellite carrier
sweeps months
the months when television stations compile ratings, which are then used to set the basic advertising rates for the next three-month period
syndication
licensing broadcast rights for television/radio programs to multiple television/radio stations directly rather than through a broadcast network
time shifting
recording television programming and playing it back at a later time
video on demand (VOD)
systems which allow users to select and watch/listen to video/audio content when they choose to, rather than having to watch at a specific broadcast time
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Flashcard (20)