extraction/ isolation of alkaloids

isolation/ extraction of alkaloids step 1?

Extract plant material with dilute acid → converts alkaloids to salts.

isolation/ extraction step 2?

Wash with organic solvent → removes neutral impurities.

isolation and extraction step 3?

neutralise base → convert salts to free base.

isolation/ extraction of alkaloids step 4

Extract with organic solvent or precipitate free base.

alkaloid definition?

Alkaloids are basic nitrogen-containing natural products (usually in a heterocyclic ring) produced mainly by secondary metabolism in plants, though some appear in insects, amphibians, fungi.

alkaloid characteristics?

• Physiologically active or toxic.

• Complex structures and limited distribution across plant families.

• Most are crystalline, bitter, and can be extracted with dilute acids.

• Occur in leaves, bark, roots, seeds.