Herodotus' books important events

Describe the Ionian Revolt

The Ionian Revolt was an uprising of several Greek city-states in Asia Minor against Persian rule, beginning in 499 BCE. It marked the start of a series of conflicts between the Greeks and Persians, ultimately leading to the Greco-Persian Wars.

Describe the Burning of Sardis

During the Ionian Revolt, the Ionian Greeks, with Athenian and Eretrian support, raided and burned the Persian satrapal capital of Sardis. This act of aggression intensified Persia's resolve to punish the Greek city-states, especially Athens, for their involvement.

Describe the Battle of Marathon

• 490 BCE
  The Battle of Marathon was a pivotal moment in the first Persian invasion of Greece. The outnumbered Athenian army (with support from Plataea) decisively defeated the invading Persian forces, demonstrating that the Persians could be beaten and boosting Greek morale.

Describe the Battle of Thermopylae

(480 BCE).
The Battle of Thermopylae was a famous land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. A small force of Greek hoplites, led by King Leonidas I of Sparta, made a heroic last stand against the much larger Persian army of Xerxes I at the narrow coastal pass of Thermopylae, allowing the main Greek forces to retreat and prepare further defenses.

Describe the Battle of Artemisium

(480 BCE).
Contemporaneous with the Battle of Thermopylae, the Battle of Artemisium was a series of naval encounters between the Greek allied fleet and the Persian fleet. While tactically indecisive, it allowed the Greek fleet to retreat in good order after learning of the fall of Thermopylae, preventing its encirclement by the larger Persian navy.

Describe the Battle of Salamis

(480 BCE).
The Battle of Salamis was a crucial naval battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece. The Greek allied fleet, under the command of Themistocles, decisively defeated the much larger Persian fleet in the straits of Salamis, near Athens. This victory largely ended Persia's ability to supply its massive army in Greece by sea.

Describe the Battle of Plataea

(479 BCE).
The Battle of Plataea was the final major land battle of the second Persian invasion of Greece. An allied Greek army, led by Pausanias of Sparta, decisively defeated the Persian land forces, marking the end of the Persian invasion and securing Greece's independence.